ATTEMPTS TO REFORM

THE SOCIO-POLITICAL
SPHERE AND THE
GROWTH OF MASS
ACTIVITY. THE STATE OF
THE ECONOMY.
 PLAN
1. The beginning of a sharp turn. The first
results of the “perestroika”.
2. Economy in the years of perestroika
3. State of agriculture
 1. THE BEGINNING OF A
SHARP TURN. THE FIRST
RESULTS OF THE
“PERESTROIKA”.
 In November 1982 Yu.V. Andropov, who attempted
to revise the thoroughly corrupt apparatus and
introduced tough measures to improve the situation
in the country. To prevent a further decline in labor
productivity, the question of strengthening labor
discipline was sharply raised. These measures have
yielded only relatively acceptable results. Soon
Yu.V. Andropov is dead.
In February 1984, K. Chernenko came to power and the
“Brezhnev years” returned. During the year of his reign,
not a single important issue was resolved in domestic
and foreign policy.
 On March 11, 1985, M.S.
Gorbachev was elected
General Secretary of the
Central Committee of the
CPSU. Gorbachev. At the
April plenum of the party, he
proposed reformist ways of
solving the main issues of the
socio-economic life of the
country. The plenum
proclaimed a new strategy for
the social and economic
development of the USSR.
 In order to eradicate corruption in the party and government leadership,
a number of apologists for Brezhnev's policy were removed from
power, and people with a new worldview took their place. Renewal of
the party leadership took place throughout the country.
 But such a policy aroused discontent in some places, sometimes
expressed openly.
 The concept and strategy of accelerating the socio-economic
development of the country, the course towards the renewal of
socialism, put forward by the April (1985) Plenum of the Central
Committee of the CPSU, were a response to the public need for change,
which took shape in the policy of "perestroika" of Soviet society.
On November 2, 1985, T. Usubaliev was relieved of his duties
as First Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist
Party of Kyrgyzstan. He was replaced by A. Masaliev -
inspector of the Central Committee of the CPSU.
The policy of “glasnost”, put forward at the January
(1987) Plenum of the Central Committee of the CPSU,
became the leitmotif of the new stage of perestroika. In
the country, the activities of V.I. Lenin and Leninism,
October Revolution, Stalinism and Socialism were
criticized. The end of 1987 was marked by an explosion
of public interest in the problems of Stalin's repressions.
In early 1988, a commission was set up to study materials
related to repressions in the 1930s-1940s and early 1950s
in Kyrgyzstan.
1989 was a turning point in the history of perestroika. Since
1989, parties, public associations, national cultural centers
began to emerge. Such political discussion clubs as "Demos" -
at the editorial office of the newspaper "Komsomolets of
Kyrgyzstan", "Sovremennik" - at the computer plant, "Position"
- at the Institute of Economics of the State Planning
Commission, the association of developers "Ashar" ("Mutual
Aid") "Osh Aimagy" in Osh, the national democratic
associations "Asaba", "Atuulduk demilge" ("Civil Initiative").
On the basis of many of them, the Democratic Movement of
Kyrgyzstan (DMK) was formed.
 On September 23, 1989, the law “On the state language of the Kyrgyz
SSR” was adopted, in which the Kyrgyz language was declared the state
language, the Russian language was defined as the language of
interethnic communication, and guarantees were given to ensure the
free development of languages ​of other nationalities living in the
republic.
 On December 12, 1989, at the extraordinary XXII session of the
Supreme Soviet of the USSR, the laws "On Amendments and Additions
to the Constitution of the USSR" and "On Elections of People's
Deputies".
 In accordance with the law, any citizen of the republic could now even
put forward his own candidacy.
 In February 1990, elections were held to the Supreme and local Soviets
of the Kyrgyz SSR. In April 1990, the first session of the Supreme
Soviet of the Kyrgyz SSR, Absamat Masaliev, First Secretary of the
Central Committee of the Communist Party of Kyrgyzstan, was elected
Chairman of the Supreme Soviet of the Kyrgyz SSR, thus becoming the
head of state.
 As a result, a wide path was opened for political pluralism and multi-
party system, which are the main features of a democratic society.
 2. ECONOMY IN THE YEARS OF
PERESTROIKA
 The restructuring of the country's economy marked the transition to
economic methods of management. The July 1987 Plenum of the Central
Committee of the CPSU adopted a resolution on reforming the country's
economy, but the question of introducing various forms of ownership of the
means of production was left open. At the session of the Supreme Soviet of
the USSR in 1987, a strategic decision was made on the transition to a
market economy. In Western countries, the market economy evolved
naturally over the centuries and went through many different stages before it
reached its present peak. This path went from a free economy, which limited
the functions of the state, to an economy that increased the regulatory role of
state institutions, i.e. to mixed economic structures.
 XXVIII Congress of the Central Committee of the CPSU, having
considered the prospects, decided on the further development of
economic reform and the specific direction of the transition to a market
economy.
 In 1990-1991, work was carried out to create an appropriate legal
framework.
 On August 7, 1991, the law "On the general principles of
denationalization, privatization and entrepreneurship in the Kyrgyz
Republic" was adopted In 1989, the government of the republic
approved the concept of Kyrgyzstan's transition to the principles of self-
government and self-financing and set 1991 as the initial date for the
implementation of these tasks.
The outcome:
 with the beginning of the collapse of the union,
contractual obligations, the discipline of mutual
deliveries, interregional ties collapsed.
The barter exchange did not last long either. Since
that time, the crisis of industrial production started,
the enterprises built with great difficulty and
expense were subjected to devastation and plunder.
 3. STATE OF AGRICULTURE
 In 1986-1990 laws on land, lease, land ownership, land use, etc. were
issued .
 Peasant farms, cooperatives, brigade contracts, and leases have been
legalized. Relations of free competition were established.
 To increase the efficiency of management, meat and dairy, food
industry, rural construction, etc. were transformed into the State Agro-
Industrial Committee of the Kyrgyz SSR.
As a result, even under the conditions of socialist
management, such forms as cooperative, farm, peasant
production could not fully develop.