VOLLEYBALL

INTRODUCTION
• Volleyball, game played by two
teams, usually of six players on a
side, in which the players use their
hands to bat a ball back and forth
over a high net, trying to make the
ball touch the court within the
opponents’ playing area before it
can be returned.
 HISTORY
• Volleyball was invented
in 1895 by William G.
Morgan, physical director
of the Young Men’s
Christian Association
(YMCA) in Holyoke,
Massachusetts.
 HISTORY
• Created on the 9th of
February, 1895. It was
called “Mintonette.”
• The sport was officially
included in the
program for the 1964
Summer Olympics.
 BASIC SKILLS
1. SERVING
The serve initiates play. While there are several
different serving techniques
a. underhand serve
b. float serve
c. jump serve
d. top spin serve
 UNDERHAND SERVE
-Is a type of serve in which the
player holds the ball in one hand,
swings the other in an arc motion
below the waist and strikes the ball
from the bottom with a fist to put
it in play. In an underhand serve,
the player does not toss the ball up
in the air, as in other serve
attempts. Instead, the server holds
onto the ball and strikes it below
their waist with a closed fist.
 FLOAT SERVE / OVERHAND SERVE
-A float serve, also known as a
floater, is a serve that does not spin
at all. It is called referred to as a
floater because it moves in
extremely unpredictable ways,
which makes it difficult to receive,
corral, and pass. A float serve
catches the air and can move
unexpectedly to the right or the
left or it can drop suddenly.
 JUMP SERVE
-The jump serve utilizes an even
higher toss than the topspin serve,
and that toss should be several feet
in front of the server. In a jump
serve, the server utilizes more of
an attack approach, jumping and
striking the ball in the air. The
extra motion generated allows the
server to put additional power on
the ball and this can make the
serve very difficult to handle for
the receiving team.
(7) SIX BASIC SKILLS IN VOLLEYBALL 🏐 - YouTube
 BASIC SKILLS

2. PASSING
The pass is a method of receiving an
opponent’s serve and/or overhand attack. •
Two popular forms of this skill:
a. forearm pass
b. overhand pass
 FOREARM PASS
-Forearm volleyball pass
involves hitting the ball
in a controlled manner to
your teammate. The
forearms are made into a
flat platform, positioned
ready for the ball to come
into contact.

(7) Forearm pass | Volleyball - YouTube

 OVERHAND PASS
The hands are primarily
used for digging. However,
when receiving the serve
you may learn volleyball
skills for playing the ball
overhead with the hands.

(7) Overhead / Hand Passing - How to PASS a Volleyball Tutorial (part 4/6
) - YouTube
 BASIC SKILLS

3. SETTING
When setting the ball, the goal is to position
the ball in the air so that a teammate is able
to easily complete an overhand attack/hit.

(7) How to become a better volleyball setter ft. Team USA's Rachael Adams | Oly
mpians' Tips - YouTube
 BASIC SKILLS

4. BLOCKING
A block is an attempt to halt an opponent’s
attack by jumping with the hands overhead
to create a barrier at the net. The most
common blocking violation is touching the
net.

(7) The block | Volleyball - YouTube

 BASIC SKILLS

5. HITTING
The attack usually takes place on a team’s third
and final contact. Because an attacker’s goal is to
down the ball on the other team’s side of the
court, players often jump when striking the ball to
increase the difficulty of receiving the hit.

(7) Attacking | Volleyball - YouTube

EQUIPMENTS
• ARM SLEEVES
-Arm sleeve are used
for both comfort and
protection. They can
help to protect the
arms from floor burn
or can be used as
compression sleeves
for improved blood
flow.
EQUIPMENTS
• BALL HAMMOCK
-Is used to hold
volleyballs that are not
being used. While they
can be a great thing to
buy for a player to use
while practicing on their
own time, ball hammocks
are more for coaches to
buy for organized teams.
 EQUIPMENTS
• BALL
-Volleyball have many more
differences between each ball
than expected. The main factor
that differentiates each ball is
whether they are used indoors
or outdoors. In indoor
volleyballs are molded together
while outdoor volleyballs are
stitched together.
 EQUIPMENTS
• COACHES CLIPBOARD
- Coaches in volleyball use
clipboards to help show their
team where to position
themselves, where to hit the
ball and specific strategies to
try and outsmart the other
team.
 EQUIPMENTS
• VOLLEYBALL COURT
- The playing court is 18m
long and 9m wide and is
surrounded by a free zone
3m wide on all sides. The
space above the playing area
is known as the free playing
space and is a minimum of
7m high from the playing
surface.
 EQUIPMENTS
• VOLLEYBALL NET
-The net measures 3 feet by
32 feet and is made of
cotton or synthetic
materials. For men's or co-
ed matches, the net's height
is 7 feet 11 and 5/8 inches
and for women's matches, it
is 7 feet 4 and 1/8 inches.
 EQUIPMENTS
• VOLLEYBALL POLES
-Typically volleyball net
poles are between 10.5 ft.
and 16 ft. tall. They are
usually made with steel or
aluminum, with the idea that
the poles can stand tension
and stress during volleyball
matches. It also important
considering they hold up the
net.
 EQUIPMENTS
• VOLLEYBALL SCORECARDS
-It used to keep score during
volleyball matches. They are
made up with colored cards
on them to signify two
different teams. The cards
flip over the board to reveal
different numbers.
 EQUIPMENTS
• JERSEY
-The typical volleyball jersey
is a sleeveless athletic shirt,
but long sleeve jerseys are
sometimes worn. They usually
have a number on the front
and back, and the team name
on the front as well. The
colors will vary depending on
the team.
 EQUIPMENTS
• SHOES
-Volleyball shoes have a gum
rubber sole, and are designed
for lateral movement. The
midsole is usually made of
foam., while the back of the
sole is usually made of mesh
or nylon.
 RULES AND REGULATION
• 6 players on a team, 3 on the front row and 3 on the back row
•
Maximum of three hits per side
•
Player may not hit the ball twice in succession (A block is not considered a hit)
•
Ball may be played off the net during a volley and on a serve
•
A ball hitting a boundary line is "in"
•
A ball is "out" if it hits an antennae, the floor completely outside the court,
any of the net or cables outside the antennae, the referee stand or pole and the
ceiling above a non-playable area.
 RULES AND REGULATION
• It is legal to contact the ball with any part of a players body
•
It is illegal to catch, hold, or throw the ball
•
If two or more players contact the ball at the same time, it is considered one play
and either player involved may make the next contact (provided the next contact
isn't the teams 4th hit)
•
A player can not block or attack a serve from on or inside the 10 foot line
•
After the serve, front line players may switch positions at the net
•
At higher competition, the officiating crew may be made up of two refs, line
judges, scorer, and an assistant scorer
 BASIC VOLLEYBALL RULES VIOLATIONS
• The result of a violation is a point for the opponent.
• When serving, stepping on or across the service line as you
make contact with the serve
•
Failure to serve the ball over the net successfully
•
Contacting the ball illegally (lifting, carrying, throwing, etc. )
•
Touching the net with any part of the body while the ball is in
play. Exception: If the ball is driven into the net with such force
that it causes the net to contact an opposing player, no foul will be
called, and the ball shall continue to be in play.
 BASIC VOLLEYBALL RULES VIOLATIONS
• When blocking a ball coming from the opponents court, contacting
the ball when reaching over the net is a violation if both:
• 1) your opponent hasn't used 3 contacts AND
• 2) they have a player there to make a play on the ball
• When attacking a ball coming from the opponents court,
contacting the ball when reaching over the net is a violation if the
ball hasn't yet broken the vertical plane of the net.
• Crossing the court centerline with any part of your body.
Exception: if it's the hand or foot, the entire hand or entire foot
must cross for it to be a violation.
 BASIC VOLLEYBALL RULES VIOLATIONS
• Serving out of order.
•
Back row player blocking (deflecting a ball coming from their
opponent), when at the moment of contact the back row player is
near the net and has part of his/her body above the top of the net
(an illegal block).
•
Back row player attacking a ball inside the front zone ( the area
inside the 10 foot line), when at the moment of contact the ball is
completely above the net (an illegal attack).
 TERMINOLOGIES
ACE

– A serve that is not passable and results immediately

in a point.

ANTENNA

– The vertical rods (normally white and red)

mounted near the edges of the net. The antennas are mounted
directly above the sidelines and are not-in-play. Antennas
are not usually used on outdoor nets.

APPROACH

– Fast stride toward the net by a spiker

before he jumps in the air.
 TERMINOLOGIES

ASSIST
– Passing or setting the ball to a teammate who attacks the ball for a kill. This stat is
normally only logged for high school, college, and National/Olympic team play.

ATTACK

– The offensive action of hitting the ball. The attempt by one team to terminate the
play by hitting the ball to the floor on the opponent’s side.

ATTACK BLOCK
– Receiving players’ aggressive attempt to block a spiked ball before it crosses the net.
 TERMINOLOGIES
ATTACK ERROR
– An unsuccessful attack which does one of the following: 1) the ball lands out of
bounds, 2) the ball goes into the net and terminates play or goes into the net on the
third hit, 3)the ball is blocked by the opposition for a point or sideout, 4) the attacker is
called for a center line violation, or 5) the attacker is called for illegal contact (lift,
double hit…) on the attack.

ATTACKER
– Also “hitter” or “spiker.” A player who attempts to hit a ball offensively with the
purpose of terminating play in his or her team’s favor.

ATTACK LINE

– A line 3m from the net that separates the front row players from the back row players.
Commonly referred to as the “10-foot line.”
 TERMINOLOGIES
BACK SET

– A set delivered behind the setter’s back,

which is subsequently hit by an attacker.

BACK ROW ATTACK

– When a back row player attacks the

ball by jumping from behind the 3m line before hitting the
ball. If the back row player steps on or past the 3m line
during take-off, the attack is illegal.

BEACH DIG

– An open hand receive of the ball, also

called a “Deep Dish”
 TERMINOLOGIES
BLOCK
A defensive play by one or more players meant
to deflect a spiked ball back to the hitter’s court. It may
be a combination of one, two or three players jumping in front
of the opposing spiker and contacting the spiked ball with
the hands.

BUMP

– a common term for forearm passing.

 TERMINOLOGIES
BALL HANDLING ERROR

– Any time the official calls

a double hit, a thrown ball or a lift (except on a serve reception
or attack). For our purposes, this category also includes
any blocking errors (when an official calls a blocker for
a violation such as going into the net, centerline violation,
reaching over the net, etc.).

BUMP PASS

– The use of joined forearms to pass or

set a ball in an underhand manner.
 TERMINOLOGIES
CAMPFIRE

– A ball that falls to the floor in an area

that’s surrounded by two, three, four or more players. At
the instant after the ball hits the floor, it appears as if
the players are encircling and staring at a campfire.

CENTER LINE

– The boundary that runs directly under

the net and divides the court into two equal halves.
 TERMINOLOGIES
CLOSING THE BLOCK

– The responsibility of the assisting

blocker(s) to join the primary blocker and create an impenetrable
block in which a ball cannot fit between the two individual
blockers.

CROSS COURT SHOT

– An individual attack directed at

an angle from one end of the offensive team’s side of the
net to the opposite sideline of the defensive team’s court.
 TERMINOLOGIES
CUT SHOT

– A spike from the hitter’s strong side that

travels at a sharp angle across the net.

DECOY

– An offensive play meant to disguise the spiker

who will receive the set.

DEEP SET

– Set to be hit away from the net to confuse

or disrupt the timing of the blockers.
 TERMINOLOGIES
DIG
– Passing a spiked or rapidly hit ball. Slang
for the art of passing an attacked ball close to the floor.

DINK

– A legal push of the ball around or over blockers.

DOUBLE BLOCK

– Two players working in unison to deflect

an attacked ball at the net back to the hitter’s side.

DOUBLE HIT

– Successive hits or contacts by the same

player. (Illegal)
 TERMINOLOGIES
DOUBLE QUICK

– Two hitters approaching the setter

for a quick inside hit.

DOUBLES

– A game with two players on each side, most

commonly played on a sand court.

DOWN BALL

– A ball the blockers elect not to attempt

to block because it has been set too far from the net or the
hitter is not under control. A “Down Ball” is hit
overhand and driven over the net with topspin while the player
remains standing. “Down Ball,” is usually called
aloud by the defense when it becomes apparent the attacker
has no chance of hitting a powerful spike.
 TERMINOLOGIES

FIVE-ONE

– A 6-player offensive system that uses five

hitters and one setter.

FIVE SET

– A back set to the right front hitter.

FLARE

– Inside-out path of an outside spiker who hid

behind a quick hitter.
 TERMINOLOGIES
FLOATER

– A serve which does not spin or rotate and

therefore moves in an erratic path. This is similar to a “knuckle
ball” pitch in baseball.

FOREARM PASS

– Join your arms from the elbows to the

wrists and strike the ball with the fleshy part of your forearms
in an underhand motion.

FOUL

– A violation of the rules.

 TERMINOLOGIES
FOUR SET

– A set 1′ from the sideline, and 1’ to 2′

above the net.

FOUR-TWO

– A 6-player offensive system using four

hitters and two setters.

FREE BALL

– A ball that will be returned by a pass

rather than a spike. This is usually called aloud by the defense
instructing players to move into serve receive positions.
 TERMINOLOGIES
HELD BALL

– A ball that comes to rest during contact

resulting in a foul.

HIT

– To jump and strike the ball with an overhand,

forceful shot.

HITTER

– Also “spiker” or “attacker”

HITTING PERCENTAGE

– kills vs. attempts

 TERMINOLOGIES

ISOLATION PLAY

– Designed to isolate the attacker

on a specific defender, normally to exploit a weakness or
give a hitter a chance to hit against a single block.

JUNGLE BALL

– Any volleyball game with people who

don’t really know how to play volleyball. A common euphemism
for this type of game is “Picnic Volleyball.”

MINTONETTE

– The original name of the game of volleyball,

created by William Morgan.
 TERMINOLOGIES
JUMP SERVE

–A serve that is started by the server

tossing the ball into the air and jumping into and hitting
the ball in its downward motion.

JOUST

– When 2 opposing players are simultaneously

attempting to play a ball above the net.

KEY

– To predict a team’s next play by observation

of patterns or habits.
 TERMINOLOGIES
KILL

– An attack that results in an immediate point

or side out.

LINE

– The marks that serve as boundaries of a court.

LINE SHOT

– A ball spiked down an opponent’s sideline,

closest to the hitter and outside the block.
 TERMINOLOGIES
LET SERVE

– A serve that contacts the net. If the ball dribbles over, it’s playable just like any other
ball that contacts the net on the way over. If the ball fails to clear the net, it will
become dead when it either hits the serving team’s court, or is contacted by a player
on the serving team.

MIDDLE-BACK

– A defensive system that uses the middle

back player to cover deep spikes.

MIDDLE-UP

– A defensive system that uses the middle

back player to cover dinks or short shots.
 TERMINOLOGIES
OFF-SPEED HIT – Any ball spiked with less than maximum force but with spin.

OUTSIDE HITTER – a left-front or right-front attacker normally taking an

approach which starts from outside the court.

OVERHAND PASS – A pass executed with both hands open, controlled by the
fingers and thumbs, played just above the forehead.

OVERHAND SERVE – Serving the ball and striking it with the hand above the
shoulder.

OVERLAP – refers to the positions of the players in the rotation prior to the
contact of the ball when serving.
 TERMINOLOGIES

PANCAKE – A one-handed defensive technique where the hand

is extended and the palm is slid along the floor as the player
dives or extension rolls, and timed so that the ball bounces off
the back of the hand.

PASS see “Forearm Pass”

 TERMINOLOGIES

QUICK – a player approaching the setter for a quick inside hit

QUICK SET – a set (usually 2’ above the net) in which the hitter
is approaching the setter, and may even be in the air, before the
setter delivers the ball. This type of set requires precise timing
between the setter and hitter.

READY POSITION – The flexed, yet comfortable, posture a

player assumes before moving to contact the ball.
 Signs & Signals of Indoor Volleyball

DUTIES OF AN OFFICIAL

SCORER
The official scorer is responsible for
keeping track of the score in the game,
noting the starting lineup for each of
the teams present, and letting the
referee's know if the lineups are not
turned in on time.
 Signs & Signals of Indoor Volleyball
LINE JUDGES
There are usually 2 line judges in each
game, but there can be as many as 4 on
the court at once.
They stand at the corners of the court
and determine whether the ball is in or
out of the line of play.
If a server steps over the line during her
serve, if a player touches a ball that is
out of play, or if the ball hits an antenna
then the line judge is responsible for
telling one of the referee's.
 Signs & Signals of Indoor Volleyball
FIRST REFEREE
Stand on the referee stand.
In charge of the entire game.
Inspect the equipment and the players at the
beginning of the game.
If there are any disagreements that come up in
the game, then they have the final say. The
only other option is a formal protest to the
scorer. Initiates service, and controls the
tempo of the game.
Primarily responsible for judgments regarding
ball handling, rotation of serving team, and
communication with the second referee,
captains and statistician.
 Signs & Signals of Indoor Volleyball

SECOND REFEREE
Work to assist and help the first referee.
If the first referee cannot finish his or
her duties then the second referee takes
over.
In charge of all substitutions, timeouts,
and all actions at the scorer's table.
Stands next to the post on the opposite
side of the first referee.
 Signs & Signals of Indoor Volleyball

Primarily responsible for judgments

regarding to net play, line violations,
center line, attack line, and rotation of
receiving team.
Will keep a written record of team
rotations and substitutions.
Only makes ball-handling judgments
when the referee cannot see the play.
 Signs & Signals of Indoor Volleyball

AUTHORIZATION TO SERVE
The referee will move their hand
to show the direction of service.
 Signs & Signals of Indoor Volleyball

TEAM TO SERVE
The referee will extend the arm
to the side of the team that will
serve the ball to the opposing
team.
 Signs & Signals of Indoor Volleyball

CHANGE OF COURTS
The referee will raise both arms
in front of the body and behind
to indicate the call.
 Signs & Signals of Indoor Volleyball

TIME OUT
By placing the palm of one hand
of the tips of the fingers of the
other, making the shape of a 'T'
then pointing to the team
requesting it.
 Signs & Signals of Indoor Volleyball

SUBSTITUTION
Creating a circular motion of
the forearms around one
another.
 Signs & Signals of Indoor Volleyball

MISCONDUCT
WARNING/MISCONDUCT
PENALTY
The referee will show a yellow
card for the warning, and a red
card for the penalty.
 Signs & Signals of Indoor Volleyball

EXPULSION
Showing both cards, the yellow
and red, for the expulsion.
 Signs & Signals of Indoor Volleyball

DISQUALIFICATION
Showing the red and yellow
cards up in separate hands to
indicate disqualification.
 Signs & Signals of Indoor Volleyball

END OF SET OR MATCH

By crossing the forearms
together in front of the chest,
with the hands open.
 Signs & Signals of Indoor Volleyball

BALL NOT TOSSED OR

RELEASED AT THE SERVICE
HIT
Lifting one arm extended out,
with the palm of hand facing
upwards.
 Signs & Signals of Indoor Volleyball

DELAY IN SERVICE
Raise both arms up with eight
fingers spread open.
ex. The server has taken more
than eight seconds to serve the
ball, which is a service fault.
 Signs & Signals of Indoor Volleyball

BLOCKING FAULT OR
SCREENING
Raise both arms above head,
with palms forward.
Ex. The blocker touches the ball
in the opponents space either
before or simultaneously with
the opponents attack hit.
 Signs & Signals of Indoor Volleyball

POSITIONAL OR ROTATION
FAULT
Using the index finger pointing
down, make a circular motion.
 Signs & Signals of Indoor Volleyball

BALL "IN"
Point the arm out away from
the body towards the floor.
 Signs & Signals of Indoor Volleyball

BALL "OUT"
Raise the forearms up vertically,
with palms toward the body.
 Signs & Signals of Indoor Volleyball

CATCH
Slowly lift the forearm, with
palm of hands facing up.
Ex. The volleyball is caught or
thrown. It doesn't rebound from
the contact.
 Signs & Signals of Indoor Volleyball

DOUBLE CONTACT
The referee raises up two
fingers that are spread open.
Ex. A player contacts the
volleyball twice (2 separate
attempts) in a row or the ball
contacts various parts of a
player's body in a row.
 Signs & Signals of Indoor Volleyball

FOUR HITS
The referee raises his hand and
spreads his four fingers out.
 Signs & Signals of Indoor Volleyball

1) NET TOUCHED BY PLAYER,

(2) SERVED BALL FAILS TO
PASS THROUGH OPPOSING
TEAM'S CROSSING SPACE
Indicate the side of the net in
which was either touched by a
player, or the ball did not pass
across.
 Signs & Signals of Indoor Volleyball

REACHING BEYOND THE NET

The referee places his hand
above the net, and has his palm
facing downwards.
Ex. A blocker may reach beyond
the net provide they don't
interfere with the opponents
play before or during the attack
hit.
 Signs & Signals of Indoor Volleyball

ATTACK HIT FAULT

When the referee makes a
downward motion with the
forearm, and opens his hand.
Ex. A player hits the ball within
the opponents playing space.
 Signs & Signals of Indoor Volleyball

PENETRATION INTO THE

OPPONENT COURT, BALL
CROSSING THE LOWER SPACE
OR THE SERVER TOUCHES
THE END COURT LINE, OR THE
PLAYER STEPS OUT OF THEIR
COURT DURING THE MOMENT
OF THE SERVICE HIT.
Referee points to the center
line, or a respective line.
 Signs & Signals of Indoor Volleyball

DOUBLE FAULT AND REPLAY

When the referee raises both of
his/her thumbs up vertically.
 Signs & Signals of Indoor Volleyball

BALL TOUCHED
Brush the palm of one hand
against the fingers of the other,
holding them vertically.
Signs & Signals of Indoor Volleyball

DELAY WARNING/DELAY
PENALTY
Cover the wrist with
corresponding cards to calls.
Yellow-warning, Red-penalty.
 Signs & Signals of Indoor Volleyball

BALL IN
(LINE JUDGE)
The referee points the flag in a
downward position.
 Signs & Signals of Indoor Volleyball

BALL OUT
(LINE JUDGE)
The referee raises the flag up in
the air.
 Signs & Signals of Indoor Volleyball

BALL TOUCHED
(LINE JUDGE)
The referee raises the flag and
touches the top with the palm
of his/her free hand.
 Signs & Signals of Indoor Volleyball

CROSSING SPACE FAULTS, BALL

TOUCHED AN OUTSIDE OBJECT
OR FOOT FAULT BY ANY
PLAYER DURING SERVICE.
(LINE JUDGE)
The referee waves the flag over
the his/her head and point to the
antenna or the respective line.
 Signs & Signals of Indoor Volleyball

JUDGMENT IMPOSSIBLE
(LINE JUDGE)
The referee raises the flag and
touches the top with the palm of
his/her free hand.
 PRESENTED BY:
ADALLA, JOHN MARVIN
BARAO, ELIONEL
CONTRERAS, ANNA MARIZ T.
MAGSUMBOL, MARLYN