8B Respiration

KS3 Biology
Unit 5 Respiratory
system
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20 © Boardworks Ltd 2005
2004
Ideas about energy
Where do they get the energy to run?

How does food help you exercise?
How does heart rate and breathing rate change
when you exercise?
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2 20 © Boardworks Ltd 2005
2004
8B1 Respiration
1. What are the processes of life that take place in every
cell? There is one beginning with each of the letters
below.
2. Which life process produces energy for the cell?
M Movement
R Respiration
S Sensing
G Growth
R Reproduction
E Excretion
N Nutrition
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What do we use energy for?
Use How we use the energy
Growth Making new cells, making babies
Making new materials Building the chemicals that the

cell needs e.g. proteins, cellulose
Storing energy Energy is stored as fat in animals
and as starch and oil in plants
Keeping temperature constant Warm-blooded animals convert
the energy to heat
Movement Energy is used to make muscles
move
Active transport Energy is needed to take some
substances into cells and to move
other substances out of cells.
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Contents
8B Respiration
Releasing energy
Anaerobic respiration
The breathing system
Summary activities
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How is digested food used by the body?
The body needs a constant supply of energy which

comes from digested food.
Glucose from digested carbohydrate is an important
substance that contains stored chemical energy .
The chemical reactions in body’s cells break down
glucose and release energy a bit at a time is called…
respiration
When glucose reacts with oxygen a lot of energy is
released.
In the body’s cells, glucose and oxygen react to release
energy . Some of this is released as heat and the rest is
used by the cells.
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What is respiration?
Respiration is the process that the body uses to release
energy from digested food (glucose):
glucose carbon energy

oxygen dioxide water
from the from the waste waste useful!

digestive breathing product product
system system exhaled exhaled
This type of respiration is called aerobic respiration

because energy is released with oxygen.
How important glucose and oxygen are to us?
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Comparing respiration and combustion
Burning is the reaction between a fuel and oxygen.
This reaction is called combustion:
fuel carbon
oxygen dioxide water
When something burns, heat and light energy are

released and carbon dioxide and water are also produced,
so combustion is similar to respiration.
However, combustion is different because it is not a

controlled reaction. Respiration is a controlled reaction
which slowly releases energy from food in the body’s cells
and the cells do not catch fire!
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Aerobic respiration: word equation activity
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Contents
8B Respiration
Releasing energy
Summary activities
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Aerobic and anaerobic respiration
Aerobic respiration
When the body is able to supply the cells with the oxygen and
glucose that they need, it carries out aerobic respiration.
glucose carbon
oxygen dioxide water energy
When the body cannot supply the cells with the oxygen
needed to break down glucose, then it has to carry out
anaerobic respiration. Energy is released without oxygen:
lactic
glucose acid energy
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Not enough oxygen!
lactic
glucose acid energy
When anaerobic respiration takes place, the lactic acid

produced soaks the muscle cells and prevents muscles from
doing their job. This causes fatigue and sometimes cramp.
After activity that has lead to anaerobic
respiration, the person involved pants
and breathes heavily.
This happens because they need lots of
oxygen to get rid of lactic acid that has
built up in their body.
lactic carbon
acid oxygen dioxide water
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Anaerobic respiration: word equation activity
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Highlighting text book
Highlight textbook
p.60- 61
Pdf p.66-67
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Contents
8B Respiration
Releasing energy
Summary activities
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What is breathing?
The breathing system is used by the body
to get the oxygen needed for respiration.
It is also used to get rid of the waste product
of respiration, the gas carbon dioxide.
Breathing in and breathing out are separate
processes in the body:
Breathing in is also known as inhalation. When you inhale

you breathe in air, including oxygen, into your lungs.
Breathing out is also known as exhalation. When you

exhale you breathe out the contents of our lungs and getting
rid of the waste gas carbon dioxide.
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Our Lungs
Label the diagram

What are the lines pointing to on this diagram of the
breathing system?
trachea rib
intercostal
bronchus muscle
(Pl:
Bronchi)
bronchiole lung
(Pl:
Bronchioles)
alveolus diaphragm
(Pl:
Alveoli)
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Highlight textbook
p.55- 58
Pdf p.61-64
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Inhalation
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Exhalation
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Breathing in (Inhalation)
1. Muscles over the ribs

contract lifting the ribcage
up and out.
2. The diaphragm muscle
contracts and becomes
flatter.
3. The volume of the chest
increases.
4. Air moves into the lungs.
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Breathing out (exhalation)
1. The diaphragm muscle

relaxes and becomes
dome shaped.
2. The ribcage muscles
relax and the ribs drop.
3. The volume of the chest
decreases.
4. Air is pushed out of the
lungs.
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Highlight textbook
p.58- 59
Pdf p.64-65
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Building a Lungs model
• Materials: 2L plastic bottle, 3 balloons, 2

straws, elastic bands, super glue,
plasticine, construction paper, tape, cutter
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The alveoli
In the lungs, oxygen travels to thousands of tiny air sacs
called alveoli. These are covered with capillaries.
The alveoli give the lungs a huge surface area which is equal
in size to the area of a tennis court!
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Gas exchange
Gas exchange takes place in the alveoli – oxygen is transferred
into the blood and carbon dioxide moves out of the blood.
Each alveolus has a thin wall so that gas exchange between

the lungs and the blood can take place quickly.
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• Gas exchange is the movement of O2 from lungs into blood and CO2
from blood to lungs by DIFFUSION.
• Every lung consists of millions of tiny air sacs called alveoli.

(Singular – Alveolus).
• Features of alveoli for gas exchange are: (common exam question)

1. Wall is one cell thick to allow fast exchange of gases.
2. Surrounded by a network of capillaries. Therefore it looks pink.
3. Very large surface area to allow fast & constant supply of O2
and removal of CO2.
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Highlight textbook
p.59- 60
Pdf p.65-66
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Video
• Watch the video and answer the questions

on the worksheet.
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Smoking effects
 Cigarette smoke contains over a thousand different

chemicals.
 Highly addictive nicotine.
 The smoke damages the cilia. Mucus cannot be
carried up by the cilia - smoker’s cough.
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Smoking effects
 Cigarette smoke also contains hot gases, tar and

ash.
 The hot gases kill the cells in the alveoli.
 Tar coats the surface of the alveoli.
 The particles of ash cut the surface of the alveoli.
 All these effects decrease the surface area, making it
more difficult for the alveoli to do their job of
exchanging gases.
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 Bronchitis – The lining of the bronchi becomes
inflamed and infected by microorganisms. A
permanent cough develops.
 Emphysema - Coughing causes alveoli to burst,
decreasing the surface area of the lungs.
 Cancer – The smoke can damage new growing cells
on the lining of the air passages to form cancer cells.
Cancer cells continue to divide and form a lump
called tumour.
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Highlight textbook
p.61- 62
Pdf p.67-68
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Comparing inhaled and exhaled air
What are the differences between inhaled and exhaled air?
inhaled air exhaled air
nitrogen (79%) nitrogen (79%)

oxygen (21%) oxygen (17%)
carbon dioxide (0.03%) carbon dioxide (4%)
other other
How could you test for the differences between inhaled and
exhaled air?
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Identifying gases in the air
atmosphere
•The Earth is surrounded by a layer of air called the (1)______________.
•Air is a mixture of gases. The table below lists the methods for identifying
the gases in the air:
Major gases in the air Method to identify the gases
Oxygen relight
It (3) __________________ a glowing splint.
Carbon dioxide It turns hydrogencarbonate indicator (4)
yellow
__________________.
limewater
It turns (5) __________________ milky.
Water vapour Dry cobalt chloride paper changes from (6)
blue
_______________ pink
to (7) _______________.
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Limewater
Presence of CO2
Clear Milky
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Experiment 1
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Experiment 2
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Experiments on other living things
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How do fish breathe
• Fish use gills to take in oxygen.

• Oxygen is dissolved in the water.
• Water enters the fish’s mouth and
passes over the filaments of the
gills.
• The oxygen diffuses into the fish’s
blood. Carbon dioxide diffuses
from the blood into the water.
• Water containing carbon dioxide
passes out through the gill slits.
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Respiration of green plants
Green plant Respiration – Photosynthesis –

Releases CO2 Produces O2
Day Yes Yes
Night Yes No
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Contents
8B Respiration
Releasing energy
The circulation system
Summary activities
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Glossary
 aerobic – The type of respiration that occurs with oxygen.
 alveoli – Tiny air sacs in the lungs where gas exchange
takes place.
 anaerobic – The type of respiration that occurs without
oxygen.
 exhalation – The process of breathing out.
 glucose – A type of sugar that the body releases energy
from during respiration.
 inhalation – The process of breathing in.
 respiration – The process that the body uses to release
energy from digested food.
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8B Respiration

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KS3 Biology

Where do they get the energy to run?

Growth Making new cells, making babies

Making new materials Building the chemicals that the

The breathing system

The body needs a constant supply of energy which

glucose carbon energy

from the from the waste waste useful!

This type of respiration is called aerobic respiration

How important glucose and oxygen are to us?

When something burns, heat and light energy are

However, combustion is different because it is not a

The breathing system

When anaerobic respiration takes place, the lactic acid

The breathing system

Breathing in is also known as inhalation. When you inhale

Breathing out is also known as exhalation. When you

Label the diagram

1. Muscles over the ribs

1. The diaphragm muscle

• Materials: 2L plastic bottle, 3 balloons, 2

Each alveolus has a thin wall so that gas exchange between

• Every lung consists of millions of tiny air sacs called alveoli.

• Features of alveoli for gas exchange are: (common exam question)

• Watch the video and answer the questions

 Cigarette smoke contains over a thousand different

 Cigarette smoke also contains hot gases, tar and

inhaled air exhaled air

nitrogen (79%) nitrogen (79%)

• Fish use gills to take in oxygen.

Green plant Respiration – Photosynthesis –

The circulation system

The breathing system

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