INFRARED THERMAL

IMAGING FOR PLANT

DISEASE DETECTION

Presented by:
SOFIA M. ANTONIO
TOPIC
OUTLINE
1
Overview of Plant Diseases

2
Infrared Thermal
Imaging
 TUNGRO-INFECTED
PLANT

In severe cases, RTD-susceptible

varieties infected at an early growth
stage could have yield losses as high
as 100% (IRRI, 2015).
Retrieved from: http://www.knowledgebank.irri.org/training/fact-sheets/pest-management/
diseases/item/tungro
WHAT IS A PLANT
DISEASE?
 PLANT DISEASE
PLANT DISEASE

vs

is any abnormal condition that alters the appearance or function of

a plant.
PLANT DISEASE
TRIANGLE

Retrieved from: https://www.ipm.iastate.edu/files/05%20Introduction%20to%20Plant%20Pathology.pdf

 HOST
PATHOGE
N
Any agent that
causes a plant
disease.
HOST
HOST

Refers to
plant that is
attacked by a
pathogen.
 HOST
ENVIRONM
ENT
Favorable
condition that
determines rate
of plant disease.
TUNGRO-INFECTED
PLANT  HOST: Rice plant

 PATHOGEN: Rice tungro bacilliform

(RTBV) & Rice tungro spherical virus.

 ENVIRONMENT: likely to occur

more in the wet season than in dry
season due to availability of large
vector population.
Retrieved from: http://www.knowledgebank.irri.org/training/fact-sheets/pest-management/
diseases/item/tungro
 How do you
recognize a plant that
has a disease?
 SIGNS are the appearance and/or
physical evidence of the causal factor of
the plants abnormality.

SYMPTOMS are the visible response

of a plant to a pathogen that result in a
change or abnormality in the plant.
 SIGNS OF PLANT
DISEASE
OOZE
Bacterial discharge
that oozes out of
plant tissue. It may
be gooey or dry.
BACTERIAL OOZE OF THE FIRE BLIGHT PATHOGEN.
https://www.extension.purdue.edu/extmedia/BP/BP-164-W.pdf
SIGNS OF PLANT
DISEASE
CONKS/
FRUITING BODY
A fungal fruiting
structure formed on
woody plants.

https://www.extension.purdue.edu/extmedia/BP/BP-164-W.pdf
SIGNS OF PLANT
DISEASE
CYST
The swollen egg-
containing female
body of certain
nematodes;

https://www.extension.purdue.edu/extmedia/BP/BP-164-W.pdf
SIGNS OF PLANT
DISEASE
MYCELIA/
RHIZOMORPHS
A mass of hyphae
(fungal threads).

https://www.extension.purdue.edu/extmedia/BP/BP-164-W.pdf
SYMPTOMS OF PLANT DISEASE

 CANKER –
 BLOTCH - large
Necrotic often
and irregular
sunken spot on a
shaped spots or
root, stem, branch,
patches on leaves,
or twig of a plant.
stems, and shoots
Usually sharply
defined with the
margins associated
with callus tissue.
 SYMPTOMS OF PLANT DISEASE

 BRONZING – Copper or  CHLOROSIS – yellowing of

bronze color in leaves. normally green tissues due to the
destruction of the chlorophyll or the
partial failure of the chlorophyll to
develop.
SYMPTOMS OF PLANT DISEASE

 CALLUS - tissue  CUPPING – up or

overgrowth around down-ward curling
a wound canker. of the entire leaf
Develops from margin forming a
actively dividing cup or bowl-like
plant cells. shape.
SYMPTOMS OF PLANT DISEASE

 GALL - a more  ROT –

or less disintegration,
overgrowth or discoloration, and
swelling of decomposition of
unorganized plant tissue,
plant cells,  Soft or dry
 SYMPTOMS OF PLANT DISEASE

 MUMMIFICATION –  MOSAIC- Variegated

darkening, wrinkling, and patterns of shades of greens
hardening of rotted fruit. and yellows in normally
green leaves.
 SYMPTOMS OF PLANT DISEASE

 POWDERY MILDEW–  RUGOSITY – Wrinkling,

whitish growth on plant ridging or puckering of
surfaces, usually the leaf or normally flat leaves.
stem.
 SYMPTOMS OF PLANT DISEASE

 SCAB – Roughened, crust-like

 STREAK (STRIPE) – Narrow, diseased area on the surface of a plant
elongate areas leaves organ.
characterized by yellowing or
necrosis of the affected area.
 SYMPTOMS OF PLANT DISEASE

 NECROSIS - The death of  DAMPING-OFF – A disease of

tissue, resulting in the tissue young seedlings. May prevent seedling
emergence from soil, or cause seedlings to
turning black or brown. topple over and die after emergence.
UNGRO-INFECTED PLANT
SIGN: Greenish transparent eggs are
deposited in the midrib of leaf blade or
sheath of rice.

SYMPTOM
leaf discoloration, stunted growth,
reduced tiller numbers and sterile
S: or partly filled grains.
TUNGRO-INFECTED
PLANT

INFRARED
WAVES
 THE DISCOVERY OF
INFRARED RADIATION

Frederick William Herschel

INFRARED
RADIATION Also referred to as heat or
thermal waves.

Commonly divided into five

categories as Near-infrared,
Short-wavelength infrared,
Medium infrared, Long-
wavelength infrared, and far-
infrared.
 INFRARED
THERMAL IMAGING
 A sophisticated and non-invasive
technique that utilizes infrared
technology to detect heat
emissions from various objects.

 Thermal imaging camera is a

complex electronic device that
senses the infrared radiation
emitted by a target object.
Fluke Ti401 PRO Thermal Camera
How Infrared Thermal Cameras Work?
USE OF INFRARED THERMAL IMAGING IN
PLANT DISEASE DETECTION

Plant temperature can be

measured using infrared
thermography. This is linked
to the status of plant water
and variations in
transpiration (Mahlein,
2016).

https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/transpiration/
USE OF INFRARED THERMAL IMAGING IN
PLANT DISEASE DETECTION

Infrared thermography also signifies that yeasts,

mushrooms, and molds all kept their temperatures lower
than their surrounding temperature (Cordero et al. 2020). ).
As a result, temperature variations on the plant leaves
surface may indicate the presence of an infection.
USE OF INFRARED THERMAL IMAGING IN
PLANT DISEASE DETECTION

 Maximum temperature difference may be utilized to distinguish

between infected and non-infected leaves and measure the
disease. Infrared thermography can also detect and measure
plant pathogens before they develop apparent symptoms or
signs.
A
Powdery Mildew
[Jafari, M.; Minaei, S.; Safaie, N. (2017). Detection
of Pre-symptomatic Rose Powdery-Mildew and
Gray-Mold Diseases Based on Thermal vision.
Infrared Physics & Technology,
S1350449516305680-doi:10.1016/j.infrared.2017.04
.023]

It was observed that cold spots

B appear on the leaf before any
significant visible symptoms are
detectable.

Results indicated that powdery

mildew causes a decrease in the
temperature of infected areas at
the early stages of pathogenesis,
which is due to the formation of
A) Thermal images of the infected leaves at 2 and 3 dpi (days post inoculation), B) The
chlorosis.
corresponding visible images (water soaked flakes are circled)
 Necrosis
[Huirong Xu, Shengpan Zhu, Yibin Ying* , Huanyu
Jiang (2013). Early detection of plant disease using
infrared thermal imaging . Optics for Natural
Resources, Agriculture, and Foods.
Doi:10.1117/12.6855]

The infected leaves showed a

presymptomatic decrease in leaf
temperature .

The temperature difference

allowed the discrimination
between the infected and healthy
leaves before the appearance of
visible necrosis on leaves by
thermal imaging.
 Leaf Rust
[Zhu, Wenjing; Chen, Hua; Ciechanowska, Izabela;
Spaner, Dean (2018). Application of infrared thermal
imaging for the rapid diagnosis of crop disease. IFAC-
PapersOnLine, 51(17),
424–430. doi:10.1016/j.ifacol.2018.08.184 ]

the region of healthy wheat

leaves exhibit a uniform dark
blue temperature (See b).

In the corresponding thermal

imaging of the diseased leaves
(See d), the area temperature of
the spore stack was significantly
higher than other areas of the
leaf surface.
Comparison of healthy and leaf rust leaf
 CONCLUSIO
N
Applying infrared thermography in plant
pathology offers the benefits of
sensitivity, high analysis speed, and
convenient usage. In addition to early
illness detection, this method creates a
solid foundation for thorough disease
analysis.
Thank you!
Common Applications of IR thermal imaging
camera

Industrial Inspections
Building Maintenance
Security
Detection of pests or rodents
Human or animal presence in search and rescue
operations and hot spot detection in forest fire
management.