* Power electronics controller in

traction system*
CA1 Examination For Even Semester-2024
Presented By
Name:
Roll No:
Paper Name: UTILIZATION OF ELECTRIC POWER
Paper Code: PC-EE 801
Semester: 8Th
Department: Electrical Engineering(EE)
 INTRODUCTION
TRACTION
Driving forward of vehicle is called traction and the
system, which employ this type of mechanism is called as
traction system.
Classified broadly into two groups namely:
1. Non Electric Traction System.
2. Electric Traction System.

Electric Traction means a Locomotion in which the

driving force is obtained from electric motors.
For Traction purpose 3-phase induction motor and DC
series motor are used and both have high starting torque
provide high speed acceleration.
 TYPES OF ELECTRIC TRACTION SYSTEM

DC Traction
AC Traction
DC TRACTION
DC traction units uses direct current drawn from overhead
line.

DC traction units uses 600v-750v DC voltage range .

The low-voltage , series wound, direct current motor is well

suited to railroad traction, being simple to construct and easy
to control.
AC TRACTION
AC Traction units draw alternating current from an
overhead line.

Typical voltages used are-

15kV /25kV AC,50Hz

Fewer substations are required and the lighter overhead

current supply wire can be used.

Reduced capital cost of electrification

3-PHASE AC TRACTION MOTOR
DC-TRACTION MOTOR
 Components of an ac locomotive

CATENARY:- This is the Over head Wire of Special Cross section

of area.
PANTOGRAPH:- This is a device used for collecting current from
the catenary.
CIRCUIT BREAKER:- To disconnect the engine from the line side
in case of some fault.
RECTIFIERS:- Conversion of AC power into DC power.
SMOOTHING REACTORS:- Any ripple found on the output side
of the rectifier are eliminated by this fitted after the rectifier.
TRANSFORMER:- It is installed in locomotive for step down the
voltage according to the requirement of motor.
 Pantograph

• A pantograph is a device that collects electric current

from overhead lines for electric trains or trams.

• It is spring loaded and pushes a contact shoe up against

the contact wire to draw the electricity needed to run
the train.

• Pantographs are typically operated by compressed air

from the vehicle's braking system, either to raise the
unit and hold it against the conductor .
Pantograph
Brakes
Mainly two types of brakes are used-

1. Air Brake System

2. Regenerative Brake System.

1. Air Brake System
• This braking systems use compressed air as
the force to push blocks on to wheels or
pads on to discs.
• In this system three main positions are used
in controlling the loco.
I. Application Position
II. Release Position
III. Lap Position
I. Application Position
II.Release Position
III. Lap Position
2. Regenerative Brake system

• During braking, the traction motor connections are

altered to turn them into electrical generators.

• The motor fields are connected across the main

traction generator and the motor armatures are
connected across the load.

• The rolling locomotive or multiple unit wheels turn

the motor armatures, and the motors act as generators,
either sending the generated current back into the
supply.
 Traction Motor

• In electric locos mainly

squirrel cage, 3-phase
Induction Motor is used.

• Nose suspended, axle hung

type traction motor is used.
 Nose-Suspended type traction motor

• Motor is mounted in the bogie

frame supported partially by
the axle which it drove and
partially by the bogie frame.

• The motor case is provided

with a "nose" which rested on
a bracket fixed to the frame of
the bogie.
 WHEEL:

Wheels are manufactured of cast

steel.
Railway wheels sit on the rails
without guidance.
the flanges should not touch the
rails.
The wheel tire is coned .
 Rail head slightly curved as
shown in the diagram.