Memory

GROUP 1
Types of long term memory
•Long-term memory has several different
components, or memory modules .
1. Declarative memory (explicit
memory):
i) Semantic memory
ii) Episodic memory
2.Non declarative memory
(implicit/procedural memory)
 Types of long term memory

Long term memory

Non declarative
Declarative memory
memory
(explicit memory)
(implicit memory)

Semantic memory Episodic memory

Declarative memory
•Memory for factual information:
names, faces, dates, and the like.

•Example
•“a bike has two wheels
•rules of tennis (the number of games in
a set, scoring)
Non declarative (procedural
memory )
•Memory for skills and habits and
information about how to do things is
stored in procedural memory.
•Example
•such as riding a bike or hitting a
baseball, typing, and tying one’s shoes.
Types of declarative memory
•Semantic memory

•Memory for general knowledge and facts

about the world

•Christmas is December 25, and dogs have

four legs
 Episodic memory
• The episodic memory system is recollections of
personal experiences.

• For example, recall of learning to ride a bike, or

arranging a surprise 21st birthday party for
your brother, how you celebrated
Eid/christmas last year is based on episodic
memories.
GROUP 2
•Memories that are exceptional are more easily
retrieved
•The more distinctive a stimulus is, & more
personal relevance event has, more likely we are
to recall it later
Interference
•The phenomenon by which information
in memory disrupts the recall of other
information.

•Interference is assumed to be greatest

when intervening material is most
similar to the test material.
Kinds of Interference
•Retroactive interference (New learning
interferes with old)

•proactive interference (old/previous

learning interferes with new)
Retroactive interference

•Retroactive interference occurs when new

information impairs the retention of
previously learned information.
•for example, you have difficulty on a
computer achievement test because new
information (psychology) interferes and
impairs the retention of previously
learned information (computer).

Interference

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Proactive Interference

•Proactive interference occurs when

previously learned information
interferes with the retention of new
information.
•Example
•You have difficulty on psychology
achievement test because previously
learned information (computer) interferes
and impairs the retention of new
information (psychology).

Interference

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