LIFE SAFETY

SYSTEMS IN
BUILDINGS
 LIFE SAFETY SYSTEM

Refers to any system incorporated into a

building whose purpose is the protection and
preservation of human life during an
emergency or failure of a critical building
system
 AIMS IN FIRE SAFETY DESIGN

TO PREVENT FIRE
TO SAFEGUARD THE LIVES OF
OCCUPANTS AND FIREFIGHTERS
TO REDUCE DAMAGE ON THE
BUILDING, ITS CONTENTS, AND ON
SURROUNDING BUILDINGS
 FIRE • is a combustion reaction
that requires oxygen,
heat and fuel
PILOTED AUTOIGNITI
IGNITION ON
TEMPERATURE TEMPERATU
IT IS THE
RE
SOMETIMES CALLED
TEMPERATURE AT SPONTANEOUS IGNITION
WHICH A FIRE CAN TEMPERATURE, IT IS THE
START WHEN A LOWEST TEMPERATURE
FLAME OR SPARK AT WHICH A COMBUSTILE
BEGINS THE MATERIAL IGNITES IN AIR
COMBUSTION WITHOUT SPARK OR
 CLASSIFICATION OF FIRE
CLASS A – FIRES OF ORDINARY COMBUSTIBLE MATERIALS
SUCHAS WOOD, CLOTH, PAPER, RUBBER, AND MANY PLASTICS
•CLASS B – FIRES IN FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS, OILS, GREASES,
TARS,OIL-BASED PAINTS, LACQUERS, AND FLAMMABLE GASES
•CLASS C –FIRES THAT INVOLVE ENERGIZED ELECTRICAL
EQUIPMENT. IN SUCH FIRES, IT IS IMPORTANT THAT
THEEXTINGUISHING MEDIUM NOT BE A CONDUCTOR
OFELECTRICITY.
•CLASS D – FIRES IN COMBUSTIBLE METALS SUCH
PERFORMANCES OF MATERIALS IN A FIRE

STEEL WILL HAVE LOST TWO-THIRDS OF

ITS STRENGTH BY THE TIME IT HAS BEEN
HEATED TO 600 DEGREE CELCIUS

TIMBER BURNS AT A CONSTANT RATE -

MEMEBER CAN BE OVERSIZED TO
PROVIDE FIRE RESISTANCE, AS THEY
TEND TO CHAR ON THEIR SURFACE, BUT
THEN RELATIVELY SLOW
PERFORMANCES OF MATERIALS IN A FIRE

CONCRETE FAIRLY RESISTANT TO FIRE,

BUT REINFORCED CONCRETE MUST
HAVE A SUFFICIENT INSULATION TO
PROTECT THE STEEL REINFORCEMENT

BRICKS ARE ONE OF THE MOST

FIRE RESISTANT MATERIALS
 BUILDING CONSTRUCTION TYPES
(1) Type I – Type I buildings shall be of wood construction. The structural
elements may be
any of the materials permitted by this Code.
(2) Type II – Type II buildings shall be of wood construction with protective
fire-resistant
materials and one-hour fire-resistive throughout: Except, that permanent non-
bearing partitions may use fire-retardant treated wood within the framing
assembly.
(3) Type III – Type III buildings shall be of masonry and wood construction.
Structural
 BUILDING CONSTRUCTION TYPES

(4) Type IV – Type IV buildings shall be of steel, iron, concrete, or masonry

construction. Walls, ceilings, and permanent partitions shall be of incombustible
fire-resistive construction: Except, that permanent non-bearing partitions of one-
hour fire-resistive construction may use fire-retardant treated wood within the
framing assembly.

(5) Type V – Type V buildings shall be fire-resistive. The structural elements

shall be of steel, iron, concrete, or masonry construction. Walls, ceilings, and
permanent partitions shall be of incombustible fire-resistive construction
 TRAGIC FIRE INCIDENT IN THE COUNTRY

• NCCC Mall (2017). Formerly known as Victoria

Plaza Mall, this shopping complex in Davao
experienced a devastating fire in December 2017.
The fire erupted on the third floor, claiming the
lives of 37 call center agents just days before
Christmas. The mall had undergone various floor
renovations, resulting in manual access to
sprinkler systems and inaccessible fire escapes.
The building exits were not adequately designed
 TRAGIC FIRE INCIDENT IN THE COUNTRY
• Ozone Disco Tragedy (1996). The Ozone Disco was
a popular student hangout in the mid-'90s. Tragedy
struck when overcrowding turned the venue into a
death trap. With over 300 people crammed into a
space meant for far fewer, a spark at the DJ booth
ignited a fire, causing panic and chaos. The
investigation revealed serious safety lapses,
including overcrowding, lack of accessible fire exits,
and inadequate electrical supervision. This incident
led to regulatory reforms to enhance safety
 FIRE-PROTECTION
SYSTEMS

PASSIVE FIRE ACTIVE

PROTECTION FIRE
PROTECTION
 PASSIVE FIRE PROTECTION
IS BUILT INTO STRUCTURE TO PROVIDE STABILITY
AND INTO WALLS AND FLOORS TO SEPARATE THE
BUILDING INTO AREAS OF MANAGEABLE RISK –
COMPARTMENTS
THESE AREAS ARE DESIGNED TO RESTRICT THE
GROWTH AND SPREAD OF FIRE ALLOWING
OCCUPANTS TO ESCAPE AND OFFERING PROTECTION
FOR FIRE FIGHTERS
PASSIVE FIRE PROTECTION INVOLVES THE USE OF
BUILDING COMPONENTS TO CONTROL OR LIMIT A
FIRE. WALLS, FLOORS, AND CEILINGS CAN BE
DESIGNED AND CONSTRUCTED TO RESIST THE
PASSAGE OF FIRE AND SMOKE.
 PASSIVE FIRE PROTECTION
THIS INCLUDES:
-FIRE WALLS AND DOORS
-FIRE RESISTANT GLASSES
-FIRE DAMPERS
-FIRE STOPS
-CABLE COATING
-FIRE PROOFING CLADDING
 ACTIVE FIRE PROTECTION

INCLUDES FIRE PROTECTION ELEMENTS

THAT NEED AN ACTION, EITHER
MANUALLY OR AUTOMATIC, TO
FUNCTION SUCH AS EXTINGUISHER, A
SPRINKLER SYSTEM, FIRE ALARM, AND A
LIKE
 ACTIVE FIRE PROTECTION
PRODUCTS THAT COME UNDER ACTIVE FIRE
PROTECTION INCLUDE:
•FIRE ALARM SYSTEMS
•EMERGENCY ESCAPE LIGHTING
•FIRE SUPPRESSION AND SPRINKLER SYSTEMS
•SMOKE VENTILATION, INCLUDING AUTOMATIC
VENTS
•DISABLED REFUGE AREAS
•FIRE HYDRANT TESTING AND MAINTENANCE
•EMERGENCY VOICE COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS
(EVCS)
•DRY AND WET RISERS
•PUBLIC ADDRESS VOICE ALARMS ('TANNOY' OR PA
FIRE PROTECTION
SYSTEM FOR
BUILDINGS IN THE
PHILIPPINES
Did you know that
heat can make
things expand?
Hot air in the balloon takes
up more space. It's the
magic behind how it flies
high up in the sky!
The Bureau of Fire Protection
is guided by the Implementing
Rules and Regulations (IRR) of
RA9514 when enforcing the
law to maintain safety for the
public and economic growth by
avoiding and putting down all
types of destructive fires.
 REPUBLIC ACT NO. 9514

AN ACT ESTABLISHING A COMPREHENSIVE FIRE

CODE OF THE PHILIPPINES, REPEALING
PRESIDENTIAL DECREE NO. 1185 AND FOR
OTHER PURPOSES
SECTION 1. THIS ACT SHALL BE KNOWN AS THE
“FIRE CODE OF THE PHILIPPINES OF 2008”.
 REPUBLIC ACT NO. 9514

SECTION 2. IT IS THE POLICY OF THE STATE TO

ENSURE PUBLIC SAFETY, PROMOTE ECONOMIC
DEVELOPMENT THROUGH THE PREVENTION AND
SUPPRESSION OF ALL KINDS, OF DESTRUCTIVE
FIRES, AND PROMOTE THE PROFESSIONALIZATION
OF THE FIRE SERVICE AS A PROFESSION. TOWARDS
THIS END, THE STATE SHALL ENFORCE ALL LAWS,
RULES AND REGULATIONS TO ENSURE ADHERENCE
TO STANDARD FIRE PREVENTION AND SAFETY
MEASURES, AND PROMOTE ACCOUNTABILITY IN THE
FIRE PROTECTION AND PREVENTION SERVICE.
 RA 9514 KEY PROVISIONS

1.FIRE SAFETY INSPECTION - ALL BUILDINGS,

STRUCTURES, AND PREMISES ARE REQUIRED TO
UNDERGO FIRE SAFETY INSPECTIONS TO ENSURE
COMPLIANCE WITH FIRE SAFETY STANDARDS

2. FIRE SAFETY REQUIREMENTS - THE LAW

MANDATES VARIOUS FIRE SAFETY REQUIREMENTS,
INCLUDING THE INSTALLATION OF FIRE
EXTINGUISHERS, SMOKE DETECTORS, FIRE ALARMS,
SPRINKLER SYSTEMS, AND OTHER FIRE SAFETY
DEVICES.
 RA 9514 KEY PROVISIONS

3. FIRE EXIT AND ESCAPE ROUTES - ALL BUILDINGS,

STRUCTURES, AND PREMISES MUST HAVE CLEARLY
MARKED AND UNOBSTRUCTED FIRE EXITS AND
ESCAPE ROUTES.

4. FIRE PREVENTION MEASURES - THE LAW IMPOSES

MEASURES TO PREVENT FIRES, SUCH AS THE
PROHIBITION OF SMOKING IN PUBLIC PLACES,
PROPER STORAGE AND HANDLING OF FLAMMABLE
MATERIALS, AND REGULAR MAINTENANCE OF
ELECTRICAL WIRING AND EQUIPMENT. (P.89)
 RA 9514 KEY PROVISIONS

5. FIRE SAFETY TRAINING - BUILDING OWNERS,

OCCUPANTS, AND EMPLOYEES ARE REQUIRED TO
UNDERGO FIRE SAFETY TRAINING AND
FIREDRILLSTOENSUREPREPAREDNESSINCASEOFFIRE
EMERGENCIES. (SEC 6- RIRR FCP)

6. ENFORCEMENT AND PENALTIES - THE LAW

ESTABLISHES A FIRE CODE BUREAU TO ENFORCE
THE PROVISIONS OF THE LAW, AND
VIOLATORSMAYFACEPENALTIES,INCLUDINGFINESAN
D IMPRISONMENT. (SEC.9)
Building Code of the Philippines:
Fire Protection

RULE VI –FIRE-RESISTIVE REQUIREMENTS IN

CONSTRUCTION
SECTION 601. FIRE-RESISTIVE RATING DEFINED
FIRE-RESISTIVE RATING MEANS THE DEGREE
TO WHICH A MATERIAL CAN WITHSTAND FIRE
AS DETERMINED BY GENERALLY RECOGNIZED
AND ACCEPTED TESTING METHODS.
Building Code of the Philippines:
Fire Protection
SECTION 602. FIRE-RESISTIVE TIME PERIOD
RATING FIRE-RESISTIVE TIME PERIOD RATING
IS THE LENGTH OF TIME A MATERIAL CAN
WITHSTAND BEING BURNED WHICH MAY BE
ONE-HOUR, TWO- HOURS, FOUR-HOURS, ETC.
SECTION 603. FIRE-RESISTIVE STANDARDS ALL
MATERIALS OF CONSTRUCTION AND TYPE OF
MATERIALS AND ASSEMBLIES OR
SECTION 604. FIRE-RESISTIVE REGULATIONS THE
SECRETARY SHALL PRESCRIBE STANDARDS AND
PROMULGATE RULES AND REGULATIONS ON THE
TESTING OF CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS FOR
FLAME-SPREAD CHARACTERISTICS, TESTS ON FIRE
DAMAGES, FIRE TESTS OF BUILDING CONSTRUCTION
AND MATERIALS, DOOR ASSEMBLIES AND TINCLAD
FIRE DOORS AND WINDOWS ASSEMBLIES, THE
INSTALLATION OF FIRE DOORS AND WINDOWS AND
SMOKE AND FIRE DETECTORS FOR FIRE PROTECTIVE
SIGNALING SYSTEM, APPLICATION AND USE OF
CONTROLLED INTERIOR FINISH, FIRE-RESISTIVE
PROTECTION FOR STRUCTURAL MEMBERS, FIRE-
RESISTIVE WALLS AND PARTITIONS, FIRE-RESISTIVE
FLOOR OR ROOF CEILING, FIRE-RESISTIVE
END OF REPORT