GEOGRAPHY REVISION

Siyamthanda Dhladhla
Latitude

▪ Lines of latitude are horizantal lines

(Lat is Flat!) that run from east to
west.The most important line of
latitude isthe equator 0° that divides
the earth into equal hemisperes of
North and SouthThere are 90 lines of
latitude north of the equator and 90
lines of latitude south of the
equator.North Pole 90°NLines of
latitudeindicate a place’sposition in
relation to the equator
Longitude

▪ Lines of longitude are vertical

lines that run from north to
south.The most important line
of longitude is the Greenwich
or Prime Meridian 0° that
divides the Earth into equal
hemisperes of East and
WestThere are 180 lines of
longitude east of the
Greenwich Meridian and 180
lines of longitude west of the
Greenwich Meridian.
Scale

▪ The scale of a map shows the

relationship between distance on the Types of scales
map and the corresponding distance on
the ground (in reality).Scale can be
represented as:• A word scale one
centimetre to half a kilometre• A line
scale0 200 400 600 800 1000• Ratio
scale1 : 50 000 (where 1 unit on the map
represents 50 000 units on the ground)
Refer, again to the map of South Africa,
taking careful notice of the line scale.
Question

 What is the difference between rotation and revolution ?

• Rotation is when the earth spin on its axis and it takes 24hrs
• Revolution is when the sun moves around the sun and it takes 365 ¼
days
Co-ordinates

A. The geographic coordinate system

is a spherical or geodetic coordinate
system for measuring and
communicating positions directly
on the Earth as latitude and
longitude. It is the simplest, oldest
and most widely used of the various
spatial reference systems that are in
use, and forms the basis for most
others.
B. A three-dimensional reference
system that locates points on the
Earth's surface.
Hemispheres

a half of the earth, usually as divided into northern and

southern halves by the equator, or into western and eastern
halves by an imaginary line passing through the poles
Title and Content Layout with Chart

▪ an imaginary line about which

a body rotates.
▪ "the Earth revolves on its axis
once every 24 hours"
Ritio scale

▪ A ratio scale is a
quantitative scale where
there is a true zero and
equal intervals between
neighboring points. Unlike
on an interval scale, a zero
on a ratio scale means there
is a total absence of the
variable you are measuring.
Length, area, and population
are examples of ratio scales.
Winter solstice

▪ The winter solstice, also

called the hibernal solstice,
occurs when either of Earth's
poles reaches its maximum
tilt away from the Sun. This
happens twice yearly, once
in each hemisphere.
IDL

▪ International date line