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Chemistry: The Central, Useful and Creative Science
Chemistry: The Central, Useful and Creative Science
Chemistry: The Central, Useful and Creative Science
• Technical mastery
• Presentations and communication skills
• Leadership
• Ability to collaborate and work in teams
• Creativity
• Problem-solving ability
• Passion for helping people and patience
Chemistry Contents for the AL
1. Atoms, Molecules and Stoichiometry
2. Electronic Structure of Atoms and the
Periodic Table
3. Energetics
4. Bonding and Structure
5. Chemical Kinetics
6. Chemical Equilibrium
1. Periodic Properties of the Elements in the
Periodic Table
2. The s-Block Elements
3. The p-Block Elements
4. The d-Block Elements
5. Fundamentals of Organic Chemistry
6. Chemistry of the Organic Compounds
1. Chemistry in Action
1. Atomic Structure
• Structure of an atom?
• How to measure things at atomic scale?
– Mole concept – ideal gas
– Molecular formula
• Chemical equations and stoichiometry
– Titration
– Volume of gases
– Concentration units
2. Electronic structure of atoms
• Discovery of quantum mechanics
• Atomic orbitals (s-, p-, d-orbitals)
– Wave nature of electrons
• Electron(ic) configurations
• Elements are grouped in the Periodic Table
according to their electron configurations
3. Energetics
• Understanding the process (physical or chemical)
– will it occur?
• The driving force for chemical reactions – energy
going downhill (∆H).
• Change of Entropy (∆S) as a measure of natural
tendency – randomness and spontaneity – of a
process
• Combining both energy factor and entropy factor
– The change of Gibbs free energy (∆G)
4. Bonding and Structure
• Lewis structure of molecules – Octet rules
• Solid (crystals), liquid and gases
– Ionic solid, metallic solid,
– non-polar and polar liquid or gases
• Intermolecular forces
– Van der Waal’s forces
– Dipole-interactions
– Hydrogen bonding
– Electro-static interactions
5. Chemical Kinetics
• How reactions happen?
• The rate of changes in concentration
• Interpretation of rate at molecular level
– Collision of molecules
– Distribution of molecular kinetic energy
– Energy profile of reaction
• Catalysis
6. Chemical equilibrium
• Dynamic nature of equilibrium
• The equilibrium constant
• Factors that change the chemical
equilibrium
• Acid/Base equilibrium and buffer action
• Solubility
• Redox equilibrium
7. Elements in s-, p-Block
• From hydrogen to argon – elemental
properties – atomic radii, EN, etc.
• From lithium to chlorine – oxides – reaction
with water, acid and alkalis
• s1 and s2 electronic configuration
• p1 to p5 configuration
• D-block elements – scandium to zinc
7. Elements in d-Block
• Transition metals
– More than one oxidation state
– Colorful