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STAUFFER 2012 Stormwater Management 120531 - 3
STAUFFER 2012 Stormwater Management 120531 - 3
Stormwater Management 1
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Disclaimer
The contents of the SSWM Toolbox reflect the opinions of the respective authors and not necessarily the official opinion of the funding or
supporting partner organisations.
Depending on the initial situations and respective local circumstances, there is no guarantee that single measures described in the toolbox
will make the local water and sanitation system more sustainable. The main aim of the SSWM Toolbox is to be a reference tool to provide
ideas for improving the local water and sanitation situation in a sustainable manner. Results depend largely on the respective situation and
the implementation and combination of the measures described. An in-depth analysis of respective advantages and disadvantages and the
suitability of the measure is necessary in every single case. We do not assume any responsibility for and make no warranty with respect to
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Stormwater Management
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Contents
Stormwater Management 3
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1. Concept
What is Stormwater Management?
Why:
•Surface runoff has to be reduced to prevent flooding
•Especially in urbanised areas where natural infiltration is reduced
•Sediments and Pollutants (e.g. nutrients from agriculture) must be
removed
How:
•Temporary storage (e.g. retention ponds, rainwater harvesting)
•Infiltration (e.g. grass filter stripes, infiltration basin)
Stormwater Management 4
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1. Concept
Rural Stormwater Management
Stormwater Management 5
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1. Concept
Rural Stormwater Harvesting
Stormwater Management 6
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1. Concept
Urban Stormwater Management (CSIR 2000; PARKINSON et al. 2010)
Human settlements disturb the natural water cycle and creates floods
and water pollution:
Natural vegetation is often removed and rivers are canalised
Surfaces are impermeable
Groundwater resources decrease, fresh water becomes scarce
Let’s upgrade the urban water cycle! Source: AUCKLAND CITY COUNCIL (2010)
Stormwater Management 7
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1. Concept
Urban Stormwater Management – IUWM Approach (UNEP 2009)
Stormwater Management 8
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Stormwater Management 9
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3. Design Principles
Urban Stormwater Management – An Overview
Stormwater Management 10
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Extended Detention
Basin Components.
Source: NJDEP (2004)
Stormwater Management 11
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Stormwater Management 12
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Stormwater Management 13
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Rooftop
rainwater
harvesting in
Urban Areas
using a
Plastic Tank.
Source: VISHWANATH
(n.y.)
Stormwater Management 14
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Stormwater Management 15
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Stormwater Management 16
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Design of
infiltration
trenches. Source: RIVERSIDE
(n.y.) and SUSTAINABLE
STORMWATER MANAGEMENT (2007)
Stormwater Management 17
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Grass filter stripe in combination with infiltration trenches (stone drop) and forest filter. Source: BARR
ENGINEERING COMPANY (2001)
Stormwater Management 18
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Enhanced grass
swales feature
check dams that
temporarily pond
runoff to increase
pollutant
retention and
infiltration and
decrease flow
velocity. Source: TRCA &
CVC (2010)
Stormwater Management 19
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A theoretical cross section of porous pavement (left) and porous pavement during a
demonstration. Source: TECOECO (n.y.)
Stormwater Management 20
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An infiltration
basin. Source: VUSP (n.y.)
Stormwater Management 21
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Costs
• Costs depend on the technology, topography and expert
knowledge.
• A proper stormwater management avoids high costs caused by
flood damages.
• Collected water can be reused for groundwater recharge, urban
landscaping or farming, etc.
Stormwater Management 22
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6. Applicability
• Necessary in every urban or rural settlement to:
Protect human health;
Prevent water pollution;
Collect and (re-)use precipitation water;
Prevent damages on infrastructure
• It has to be adapted to the local conditions (climate, topography,
resources, etc.)
Stormwater Management 23
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Stormwater Management 24
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8. References
ATLANTIS (Editor) (n.y.): Modular Underground Tanks System. Sidney: Atlantis. URL:
http://www.atlantiscorp.com.au/brochures/Atlantis_Matrix_Tank.pdf [Accessed: 28.02.2012]
AUCKLAND CITY COUNCIL (Editor) (2010): Stormwater. Auckland: Auckland City Council. URL:
http://www.aucklandcity.govt.nz/council/services/stormwater/default.asp [Accessed 27.02.2012]
ARC (Editor) (2010): The Countryside Living Toolbox: A Guide for the Management of Stormwater Discharges in Countryside Living
Areas in the Auckland Region. Auckland: Auckland Regional Council (ARC). URL:
http://www.rodney.govt.nz/DistrictTownPlanning/infrastructure/water/Documents/CountrysideLivingGuideToolbox_Backgroun
d.pdf
[Accessed: 07.03.2012]
BARR ENGINEERING COMPANY (2001): Urban Small Sites Best Management Practice Manual. Filter Stripes. St. Paul: Metropolitan
Council Environmental Services. URL: http://www.metrocouncil.org/environment/water/bmp/manual.htm [Accessed:
28.02.2012]
CSIR (Editor) (2000): Guidelines for Human Settlement Planning and Design. Pretoria: CSIR Building and Construction Technology.
URL: http://www.csir.co.za/Built_environment/RedBook/Vol_II/Chapter_06/Chapter_06_Vol_IIa.pdf [Accessed: 23.02.2012]
DEP (Editor); CZM (Editor) (1997): Stormwater Management. Bosten: MA Department of Environmental Protection (DEP) and MA
Office of Coastal Zone Management (CZM). URL: http://www.mass.gov/dep/water/laws/swmpolv2.pdf [Accessed: 27.02.2012]
DOLMAN, B.; LUNDQUIST, K. (2008): Roof Water Harvesting for a low Impact Water Supply: Featuring the Brazilian Ball Pre-Filter
System: A Case Study. Occidental: The WATER Institute Occidental Arts and Ecology Center (OAEC) . URL:
http://www.oaecwater.com/files/ROOF-WATER-HARVESTING-3MB.pdf [Accessed: 14.03.2011]
ED (Editor) (n.y.): Pioneers of Sand Dams. Brentford: EXCELLENT DEVELOPMENT (ED). URL:
http://www.excellentdevelopment.com/ [Accessed: 20.04.2011]
FAO (Editor) (2010): Guidelines on Spate Irrigation. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). URL:
http://www.fao.org/docrep/012/i1680e/i1680e.pdf [Accessed: 28.06.2011]
GREENROOFDESIGN (Editor) (2008): Messehalle Basel. Zurich/London: Green Roof Design. URL:
http://www.greenroofdesign.ch/archives_de/cat_messehallebasel.html [Accessed: 04.06.2012]
KASCO MARINE (Editor) (n.y.): Retention Ponds. Prescott: Kasco Marine, Inc. URL:
http://www.gotalgae.com/retention_ponds.pdf [Accessed: 31.05.2012]
METROCOUNCIL (Editor) (n.y.): Constructed Wetlands: Stormwater Wetlands. Saint Paul: Metropolitan Council. URL:
http://www.metrocouncil.org/environment/water/bmp/CH3_STConstWLSwWetland.pdf [Accessed: 21.02.2012].
NJDP (2004): Standard for Infiltration Basins. New Jersey: Department of Environmental Protection.URL:
http://www.njstormwater.org/tier_A/pdf/NJ_SWBMP_9.5.pdf [Accessed 28.02.2012]
Stormwater Management 25
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8. References
PARKINSON, J.N.; GOLDENFUM, J.A.; C.E.M. TUCCI (2010): Integrated Urban Water Management: Humid. Paris: UNESCO.
UNEP (Editor) (2009): Integrated Urban Water Management. Osaka: United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP). URL:
http://www.unep.or.jp/ietc/brochures/iuwm.pdf [Accessed: 27.02.2012]
RIVERSIDES (n.y.): Infiltration Trenches. Toronto: RiverSides Stewardship Alliance. URL:
http://www.riversides.org/rainguide/riversides_hgr.php?cat=2&page=39&subpage=92&subpage2=43 [Accessed: 28.02.2012]
SUSTAINABLE STORMWATER MANAGEMENT (2007): Infiltration Trenches. URL:
http://sustainablestormwater.org/2007/05/23/infiltration-trenches/ [Accessed: 28.02.2012]
TECOECO (n.y.): Permeconcrete. Glenorchy: TecEco Pty Ltd. URL: http://www.tececo.com/technical.permecocrete.php
[Accessed: 05.03.2012]
TRCA (Editor); CVC (Editor) (2010): Low Impact Development Stormwater Management Planning and Design Guide. Downsview and
Mississauga: Toronto and Region Conservation Authority (TRCA) and Toronto and Region Conservation Authority (CVC). URL:
http://www.sustainabletechnologies.ca/Portals/_Rainbow/Documents/LID%20SWM%20Guide%20-%20v1.0_2010_1_no
%20appendices.pdf [27.02.2012]
UPRCT (n.y.): What is On-site Stormwater Detention? Parramatta: Upper Parramatta River Catchment Trust (UPRCT). URL:
http://www.stormwater.net.au/Downloads/OSD-simple.pdf [Accessed: 28.02.2012]
USGS (Editor) (2009): Miscellaneous September 2009 Flooding Pictures. Reston: United States Geological Survey (USGS). URL:
http://ga.water.usgs.gov/flood/flooding-sept09/images/miscellaneous/ [Accessed: 31.05.2012]
VUSP (Editor) (n.y.): Design Components. Villanova: Villanova Urban Stormwater Partnership (VUSP). URL:
http://www3.villanova.edu/vusp/bmp_research/bio_traffic/bio_des_comp.htm [Accessed: 04.06.2012]
Stormwater Management 26
“Linking up Sustainable Sanitation,
Water Management & Agriculture”
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Created
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Stormwater Management 27