A SEMINAR PRESENTATION

ON

PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS OF MASER

BY

OJAMERUAYE EGUONO PRECIOUS

MATRIC NO: 1909098067

TO

THE DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS,

EKITI STATE UNIVERSITY, ADO-EKITI, EKITI STATE, NIGERIA

OUTLINE

 Introduction to Maser
 Types of Maser
 Principles of Maser
 Schematic Diagram of the Standard Active H-maser and
Flight Model Passive H-maser
INTRODUCTION TO MASER

A maser is a device that produces coherent electromagnetic

waves (microwaves), through amplification by stimulated
emission. The term is an acronym for microwave amplification
by stimulated emission of radiation. The device uses an unstable
ensemble of atoms or molecules that may be stimulated by an
electromagnetic wave to radiate energy at the same frequency
and phase as the stimulating wave, thus providing coherent
amplification.
TYPES OF MASER

 Gas Masers
 Solid-State Masers
 Astronomical Masers
 Dual Noble Gas Maser
 Astrophysical Maser
 Hydrogen Maser
SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM OF THE STANDARD ACTIVE
H-MASER AND
FLIGHT MODEL PASSIVE H-MASER
 CHARACTERISTICS OF MASER
RADIATION
 Beaming: Small path differences across the irregularly
shaped maser cloud become greatly distorted by
exponential gain.
 Rapid variability: As the gain of a maser depends
exponentially on the population inversion and the velocity-
coherent path length, any variation of either will itself
result in exponential change of the maser output.
 High brightness: The brightness temperature of a maser is
the temperature a black body would have if producing the
same emission brightness at the wavelength of the maser.
PRINCIPLES OF MASER

Stimulated Emission : Masers rely on stimulated emission

between two hyperfine energy levels of atomic hydrogen.
Population Inversion: Achieving population inversion is
essential for efficient maser operation. In a typical thermal
equilibrium, more atoms or molecules reside in lower
energy states than in higher energy states.
Resonant Cavity: Masers employ resonant cavities to
confine and enhance the microwave radiation.
Active Medium: The active medium within a maser refers
to the material that undergoes stimulated emission and
amplifies the microwave radiation.
APPLICATIONS OF MASER

 Atomic Clocks
 Radio Astronomy
 Precision Spectroscopy
 Satellite Communication
 Medical Imaging
CONCLUSION

Masers play diverse and vital roles in advancing scientific

research, technological innovation, and industrial
applications. From probing the depths of the cosmos to
enabling precision timekeeping and medical diagnostics,
masers continue to drive progress in various fields. As
technology advances and new applications emerge, the
versatility and reliability of masers will remain essential for
addressing the challenges of the modern world.
THANK YOU FOR LISTENING