Electricity,

its
Production
and
Usage
 Agenda
• What is Electricity?
• Who discovered Electricity?
• Different ways of electricity production.
• Distribution of electricity from power station to consumers.
• Usage of Electricity consumption and its demand.
• Environmental consensus of alternative energy sources.
• Electricity shortages and its impact on human lifestyle and environment.
 What is Electricity?
A form of energy resulting from the existence
of charged particles(such as electrons
or protons),either statically as an
accumulation of charge or dynamically
as a current.
 Who discovered Electricity?
During mid-1700s, Benjamin Franklin discovered the
electricity by conducting an experiment in which he
attached a metal key to the kite and flown it in the
stormy sky. He observed that lightening electrical
sparks travelled from the key to his hand through the
dampened strong.
 Different ways of electricity production.
There are 16 different ways Light Renewable energy

through which one can Nuclear power Biomass

produce electricity, Wind Solar Heating

Solar Chemical
among them some
Hydropower Coal Based Thermal Plant
are renewable sources Geothermal power plants Electrochemistry
while others are Coal Fuel Cells
Natural Gas Heat
non-renewable.
Distribution of
electricity from
Power station
to
consumers
Several crucial steps are involved in getting electricity from a power plant to consumers :
Power Generation: Power stations, which can draw energy from a variety of sources including coal,
natural gas, nuclear power, hydroelectricity, wind, or solar power, are responsible for producing
electricity.
Transmission: Power is transported from the power plant to substations nearer to populated areas via
high-voltage transmission lines. Long-distance transmission energy losses are reduced by using these
lines.
Substation: Before being distributed to residences and commercial buildings, the electricity at
substations is voltage-shifted using transformers to bring it down to a safer level.
Distribution Lines: Lower voltage distribution lines transport power from substations to residential,
commercial, and industrial locations. They are frequently buried underground or mounted on poles.
Step-Down Transformers: These transformers, which are mounted on utility poles or in distribution
substations, lower the voltage even further until it is safe for residential and commercial use.
Last but not least, service lines provide electricity to specific buildings directly, where it is incorporated
into the electrical wiring system to power lights, appliances, and other electronics. All things
considered, this procedure guarantees that power produced at power plants is effectively and securely
supplied to customers for a range of uses.
 Usage of
Electricity
consumption
and its
demand
Electricity consumption and demand are essential metrics for understanding energy
usage patterns and planning infrastructure. Consumption refers to the amount of
electricity used over a specific period, usually measured in kilowatt-hours (kWh).
Demand, on the other hand, refers to the rate at which electricity is being used at
any given moment, often measured in kilowatts (kW) or megawatts (MW).
Monitoring electricity consumption helps utilities forecast future needs, optimize
grid operations, and plan for infrastructure upgrades. Understanding demand
patterns allows for efficient resource allocation and helps prevent power shortages
or blackouts during peak periods.
Factors influencing electricity consumption and demand include weather
conditions, economic activity, population growth, technological advancements, and
energy efficiency measures. Utilities and policymakers use this data to develop
strategies for meeting current and future energy needs while minimizing
environmental impact and ensuring grid reliability.
Environmental
consensus of
alternative
energy sources
 Overall, clean energy is considered better for the environment than traditional fossil-
fuel–based resources, generally resulting in less air and water pollution than
combustible fuels, such as coal, natural gas, and petroleum oil.
Reasons to use Alternative Sources:
Environmental and economic benefits of using renewable energy
include: Generating energy that produces no greenhouse gas emissions from fossil
fuels and reduces some types of air pollution. Diversifying energy supply and
reducing dependence on imported fuels.
• Renewable energy can also contribute to disturbing communities, wild lands and
wildlife.
• As these sources of energy are renewable, they are also inexhaustible. More
importantly, they cause little to zero climate or environmental damage. Fossil fuels,
such as oil, coal, and natural gas, on the contrary, are available in finite quantities
only.
• Alternative energy here includes hydroelectric energy, solar energy, geothermal
energy, wind energy, nuclear energy, and biomass energy and tidal energy.
• Most alternative energy sources are renewable, which means that, unlike fossil
fuels, they are not likely to run out. Examples include the Sun, wind, rivers and
oceans, heat from inside Earth, and biofuels. These energy sources can be used to
generate electricity, to heat water, and, in some cases, to fuel vehicles.
• The pros of using alternative fuels include lower harmful emissions and reduced
production costs. The cons include potential limitations in equipment operation
and fuel properties. Pros: Alternative fuels can help meet energy conservation and
greenhouse gas emission goals
• Thus it can conclude that the alternate sources of energy are the future energy
sources that will help in sustaining the environment as well as help in minimizing
the dependency on conventional energy sources
 Electricity
shortages and
its impact on
human
lifestyle and
environment
At first, Electricity shortages will have a direct effect on the alternate resources we have
present in our environment and an indirect impact the lifestyle and processes linked to it.

• As there will be no electricity, the consumption of alternate resource such as wood

fuel will increase; hence this will have an immense pressure on the forests this will
contribute to deforestation. Deforestation contributes to habitat loss, biodiversity
decline, and can exacerbate soil erosion and carbon emissions
• Coal will also be used as an alternate resource for electricity shortages so burning of
coal will result in destroying the natural environment. It will release loads of
greenhouse gases which will result problems such as smog, acid rain & respiratory
issues.
• Electricity shortages can affect water resources management, particularly in regions
where hydropower is a significant source of electricity generation. Reduced
availability of electricity may limit the operation of hydropower plants, leading to
disruptions in water supply management, irrigation systems, and flood control
• During electricity shortages, businesses, institutions, and households may turn to backup
generators powered by diesel, gasoline, or other fossil fuels to meet their energy needs.
This can lead to increased emissions of air pollutants and greenhouse gases, as well as
noise pollution. Improper use or maintenance of generators can also result in spills, leaks,
and other environmental hazards, particularly in areas with inadequate regulations or
enforcement measures.
Electricity shortages affect us human in various means. It creates hindrance in our daily life routine
and disturb us.
• Work Productivity: Electricity shortages disrupt businesses and workplaces, leading to
decreased productivity due to interruptions in essential operations reliant on electricity, such
as powering computers, machinery, and communication systems.

• Education Disruption: Schools and educational institutions are affected by electricity

shortages, disrupting classroom activities, hindering online learning platforms, and
impacting students' ability to study and complete assignments, potentially resulting in
school closures and educational disparities.
• Communication Breakdown: Electricity shortages disrupt communication networks,
impeding access to vital information, hindering emergency response efforts, and creating
difficulties in coordinating work tasks, educational activities, and social interactions.
• Healthcare Challenges: Inadequate access to electricity compromises healthcare services by
hindering the functioning of medical equipment, impacting patient care, increasing the risk
of medical errors and complications, and exacerbating public health challenges.
 Thanks
Your questions and queries are more than welcome.