Section 1 Introduction to

Chapter 6 Chemical Bonding

Learning intention
To introduce chemical bonding
• Success Criteria

• I can Outline the types of bonds

• I can Explain why most chemical bonding is

neither purely ionic nor purely covalent.

• I can Classify bonding type according to

electronegativity differences
 Section 1 Introduction to
Chapter 6 Chemical Bonding

Types Of Bonds

Ionic Bond Covalent bond

•Occurs between metals and
non-metals
•Metals lose their valence
electrons to form positive ions
(cations)
•Non-metals gain their valence
electrons to form negative
ions(anions)
•Large difference in the
electronegativity from1.8.
•Occurs between non-metals
•Non-metals share their valence
electrons
•Covalent bonds are either Non-
polar or polar
Non-polar covalent bond
•Difference in electronegativity is
0-0.4
Polar covalent bond
•Difference in electronegativity is
0.4-1.8
 Section 1 Introduction to
Chapter 6 Chemical Bonding

Electronegativity and types of bonds

Electronegativity Definition

Electronegativity is a chemical property that measures the

tendency of an atom to attract electrons towards itself.
Electronegativity is affected by ;

•the atomic number

•the distance between the valence electrons and its nucleus.

The higher the electronegativity is the more it attracts the

electrons towards it.
 Section 1 Introduction to
Chapter 6 Chemical Bonding

Watch the following video

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=09Vx5VHiMHA

Take note
Share and Discuss your Notes
 Section 1 Introduction to
Chapter 6 Chemical Bonding

Using Electronegativity Difference to Classify

Bonding
 Section 1 Introduction to
Chapter 6 Chemical Bonding

Chemical Bonding, continued

Sample Problem A
Use electronegativity values
The electronegativity of sulfur is 2.5.
The electronegativities of hydrogen, cesium, and chlorine
are 2.1, 0.7, and 3.0, respectively. In each pair, which
atom will be more negative?
 Section 1 Introduction to
Chapter 6 Chemical Bonding

Chemical Bonding, continued

Sample Problem A Solution
The electronegativity of sulfur is 2.5. The
electronegativities of hydrogen, cesium, and chlorine are
2.1, 0.7, and 3.0, respectively. In each pair, the atom with
the larger electronegativity will be the more-negative
atom.
Bonding between Electroneg. More-neg-
sulfur and difference Bond type ative atom
hydrogen 2.5 – 2.1 = 0.4 polar-covalent sulfur
cesium 2.5 – 0.7 = 1.8 ionic sulfur
chlorine 3.0 – 2.5 = 0.5 polar-covalent chlorine
End of Chapter 6 Show