Soran university

Faculty of engineering Spray Drying

Chemical Engineering Department

Prepared by:
Muhammad Haini Kchil

Supervised by:
Dr.Arkan Jassim Hadi
Outlines:
 What is Spray drying
 History
 Types of Spray drying
 Process of Spray drying
 Process flow diagram of Spray drying
 Factors Affecting the Process
 Applications of Spray drying
 Advantages and Disadvantages of Spray Drying
 conclusion
What is Spray Drying

 What is Spray Drying?

 Spray drying is a widely used
technique in the food,
pharmaceutical, and chemical
industries for converting liquid or
slurry into dry powder form.
 The spray drying process involves
atomizing the liquid feed into a
fine mist, which is then rapidly
dried by hot air. The resulting
powder is collected and can be
further processed or packaged.
History
 Spray drying has a long history dating back to ancient times. The concept of
drying liquids into powders can be traced back to the Egyptians, who used
it to preserve food and make medicines. However, it wasn't until the early
20th century that the modern spray drying process was developed.
 In the 1930s, the first commercial spray dryer was introduced,
revolutionizing the food and pharmaceutical industries. This development
allowed for the mass production of powdered products, making them more
convenient and easier to store and transport.
 Over the years, spray drying technology has continued to evolve and
improve. Advances in equipment design and process control have made it
possible to produce powders with precise particle sizes and properties.
Today, spray drying is widely used in various industries, including food,
pharmaceuticals, chemicals, and ceramics.
 Types of spray drying

 1. Pressure Nozzle Spray Drying

• Features: High pressure and small nozzle size
• Applications: Production of fine powders, pharmaceuticals, and food products
 2. Rotary Atomizer Spray Drying
• Features: High-speed rotating disc
• Applications: Production of milk powders, detergents, and ceramics
 3. Centrifugal Spray Drying
• Features: Centrifugal force to atomize liquid
• Applications: Production of detergents, pesticides, and pigments
 4. Fluidized Bed Spray Drying
• Features: Fluidized bed of particles
• Applications: Production of instant coffee, spices, and flavors
Process of Spray Drying Atomization

 Spray drying is a widely used method for converting liquid or slurry

materials into dry powder form. It involves the following steps:
 1/Atomization: The liquid or slurry material is atomized into small
droplets using a nozzle or atomizer. This can be achieved through Drying
pressure nozzles, rotary atomizers, or other atomization
techniques.
 2/Drying: The atomized droplets are introduced into a drying
chamber, where they come into contact with hot air or gas. The
Separation
heat from the air causes the liquid in the droplets to evaporate,
leaving behind dry particles.
 3/Separation: The dry particles are separated from the air or gas
stream using a cyclone separator or other separation equipment.
This ensures that only the dry particles are collected for further
processing or packaging. Collection
4/Collection: The dry particles are collected in a collection
chamber or container for storage or further use. They can be
packaged into bags, drums, or other suitable containers.
Process flow Diagram
Atomization
The process begins with the atomization
of a liquid feed into a hot gas stream.
This creates small droplets that are
carried by the gas stream into the
drying chamber.
Evaporation
The droplets are then exposed to a hot
gas stream, which causes them to
evaporate and release their water
content. This process is repeated
multiple times until the droplets are
completely dry.
Drying
As the droplets dry, they form a powder
that is collected in a cyclone or filter.
The powder is then removed from the
drying chamber and packaged for use.
Factors Affecting the Process
 Several factors can affect the mechanism of working in spray drying:
• Feed Properties: The composition, viscosity, and surface tension of the
liquid feed can impact the atomization and drying process.
• Gas Temperature: The temperature of the hot gas stream affects the rate
of evaporation and the final moisture content of the dried particles.
• Gas Flow Rate: The flow rate of the gas stream can influence the residence
time of the droplets in the drying chamber.
• Nozzle Design: The design of the atomization nozzle can affect the droplet
size and distribution.
• Chamber Design: The geometry and size of the drying chamber can impact
the drying efficiency and particle residence time.
• Product Quality: The desired product properties, such as particle size,
density, and moisture content, can dictate the process parameters and
equipment settings.
Applications of Spray Drying
 Food Industry
• Spray drying is commonly used in the food industry to produce powdered
ingredients such as milk powder, coffee, and spices.
• It is also used to encapsulate flavors, vitamins, and probiotics, enhancing their
stability and shelf life.
 Pharmaceuticals
• Spray drying is widely utilized in the pharmaceutical industry to produce dry
powders for inhalation, such as asthma medications and nasal sprays.
• It is also used to produce powdered drugs for oral administration, improving
their solubility and bioavailability.
 Chemicals
• In the chemical industry, spray drying is used to produce powdered chemicals,
such as detergents, dyes, and pigments.
• It is also employed in the production of catalysts and various fine chemicals.
Advantages and Disadvantages of Spray Drying
 Advantages
• Versatility: Spray drying can be used with a wide range of materials,
including liquids, suspensions, and solutions.
• Particle Size Control: The particle size of the dried product can be easily
controlled by adjusting the atomization and drying parameters.
• Rapid Drying: Spray drying offers rapid drying times, allowing for high
production rates.
• Preservation of Properties: The spray drying process preserves the
properties of the original material.
• Uniformity: Spray drying produces powders with a uniform composition and
particle size distribution.
 Disadvantages
• Cost: Spray drying equipment can be expensive to purchase and operate.
• Energy Consumption: The process requires significant energy input for
heating and atomization.
• May not be suitable for all types of materials, particularly those that are
highly sensitive to heat or moisture.
Conclusion
 Spray drying is a versatile and widely used technique in various industries.
Throughout this presentation, we have discussed the key points and highlighted
the importance and applications of spray drying. Here is a recap:
 Spray drying is a method of converting liquid or slurry into dry powder
particles.
 It is commonly used in the food, pharmaceutical, and chemical industries.
 The process involves atomizing the liquid into droplets, which are then dried
by hot air.
 Spray drying offers several advantages, including fast drying times,
preservation of product properties, and ease of handling.
 spray drying is a valuable technique that offers numerous benefits and finds
extensive applications in different sectors. Its ability to convert liquids into dry
powders while preserving product properties makes it an essential process in
various industries