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THE DIFFERENCES AND

SIMILARITIES BETWEEN FOOD
AND DRUGS

BY

OSMA LADAN JD

29 AUG 23

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INTRODUCTION

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INTRODUCTION

1. Some people say "let food be thy medicine

and let medicine be thy food". In fact, food and
medicine have different but important roles in our
health. Generally speaking, food is for nutrition,
while medicine treats or prevents disease.

2. Whether a product is food or medicine, it

has important implications for how it is regulated,
which impacts you as the consumer.

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AIM

The aim of this presentation is to acquaint the

audience with similarities and difference between
food and drugs.

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SCOPE
1. Food

2. Drugs

3. Food-drug interaction

4. Difference between drugs and food

5. Similarities between drugs and food

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FOOD

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FOOD

1. Food is any nourishing substance that is

eaten, drunk, or otherwise ingested into the body
to sustain life, provide energy and promote
growth in the body.

2. Food is a basic need of a person. The

quantity and quality of the food that a person
consumes must contain the six classes of food in
adequate proportion.

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CLASSIFICATIONS OF FOOD

There are six classes of food namely:

1. Carbohydrates.
2. Fats and oil.
3. Protein.
4. Vitamins.
5. Mineral.
6. Water.

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CLASSIFICATIONS OF FOOD
(CONT)
CARBOHYDRATE
1. This is one of the classes of food that is
made up of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. They
are also referred to as energy giving food and are
the primary fuel source for the brain’s high energy
demands.

2. Sources: rice, bread, corn, yam, potato,

cassava, etc.

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CLASSIFICATIONS OF FOOD
(CONT)

SOURCE: NNRH OJO GALLEY

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CLASSIFICATIONS OF FOOD
(CONT)

PROTEIN
1. It has major roles in body building. It helps
repair worn out body’s tissues, allows metabolic
reactions to take place and coordinates bodily
functions.

2. Sources: meat, beans, fish, soya beans,

eggs, peanuts, cheese and chicken, etc.

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CLASSIFICATIONS OF FOOD
(CONT)

SOURCE: NNRH OJO GALLEY

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CLASSIFICATION OF FOOD
(CONT)

VITAMINS
1. They are organic molecules that are
essential to the body in small quantities for proper
metabolic functions. They heal wounds, boost the
body’s immune system and also convert food into
energy and repair cellular damage.
2. There are mainly two types of vitamin. They
are;
Water soluble vitamins (vitamin B and C).
Fat soluble vitamins (vitamin A, D, E, K) .

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CLASSIFICATION OF FOOD
(CONT)
SOURCES OF VITAMINS
1. Vitamin A: Eggs, milk, carrots, sweet potatoes,
etc.
2. Vitamin B: Fish, egg, vegetables, etc.
3. Vitamin C: Oranges, strawberries, tomatoes,
kiwi, broccoli, red and green bell peppers, etc.
4. Vitamin D: Fish oil, sunlight, liver, etc.
5. Vitamin E: Avocados, nuts, seeds, whole-
grain foods, spinach and other dark leafy greens.
Vitamin K: Vegetables, cereal and meat, etc.
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CLASSIFICATION OF FOOD
(CONT)

FATS AND OIL

1. They provide energy for living organisms,
insulate and protect the internal organs of the
body and transport fat-soluble vitamins through
the blood.

2. Sources: palm oils, groundnuts oil, butter,

margarine, sardine, pork, cod liver oil, etc.

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CLASSIFICATIONS OF FOOD
(CONT)

SOURCE: NNRH OJO GALLEY

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CLASSIFICATION OF FOOD
(CONT)

MINERALS
1. Minerals are very important because the
body needs them for normal development and
regulation of metabolic process. It helps to keep
the bones, muscles, heart, and the brain in
homeostasis. Minerals are also important for
making enzymes and hormones.

2. Sources: cereals, bread, meat, fish, milk,

dairy, nuts, fruit and vegetables.

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CLASSIFICATION OF FOOD
(CONT)

WATER
It regulates body temperature, moistens tissues in
the eyes, nose and mouth. It also protects body
organs and tissues, and transport nutrients and
oxygen to cells.

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IMPORTANCE OF FOOD

1. It eliminates hunger.
2. It provides energy for work and play.
3. It is important for body building or growth.
4. It repairs worn-out tissues and cells.
5. Food protects the body from diseases.
6. It help in regulating the body temperature.
7. It is a source of income.
8. It is used for entertainment.

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DRUGS

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DRUGS

1. A drug is a substance taken to prevent,

alleviate or cure a symptom, ailment or disease
state and to promote well being.

2. Drugs are substances that cause a change

in a person’s physical and/or physiological state
when consumed. Consumption of drugs can be
via inhalation, injection, smoking, ingestion,
absorption via a patch on the skin, suppository,
or dissolution under the tongue.

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DRUGS

SOURCE: NNRH OJO PHARMACY DEPARTMENT

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SOURCES OF DRUGS

1. Plants
2. Animals
3. Minerals
4. Synthetic/Semi-Synthetic
5. Microbiological

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CLASSIFICAIONS OF DRUGS

CLASSIFICATION BASED ON
MODE OF ACTION

CARDIOVASCULAR RESPIRATORY DIGESTIVE URINARY NERVOUS

SYSTEM SYSTEM SYSTEM SYSTEM SYSTEM

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IMPORTANCE OF DRUGS

1. The benefits of drugs are the helpful

effects you get, such as easing pain, controlling
blood sugar, lowering blood sugar, lowering blood
pressure, or curing an infection and many more.

2. Drugs are very important to issues that

concern the health of an organism and act as a
remedy to any health complication which is
either to cure, prevent or manage the condition.

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FOOD – DRUG
INTERACTION

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FOOD – DRUG INTERACTION

1. A drug-food interaction occurs when your

food and medicine interfere with one another.
Interactions can happen with both prescription
and over-the-counter medicines. These include
antacids, vitamins, and iron pills.

2. Some medicines cannot be taken with

certain types of food. The food can cause a
reaction that changes the effect of the medicine.
It also can create or heighten side effects. An
example of this is having grapefruit or grapefruit
juice with cholesterol drugs.

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FOOD – DRUG INTERACTION (CONT)

3. Not all medicines are affected by food.

Some, though, are affected by what you eat or
when you eat it. Taking a medicine at the same
time you eat can cause your body not to absorb
the medicine. Certain foods may delay or
decrease the absorption of the drug. For
example, you should not combine dairy and
antibiotics. This is why some medicines should
be taken on an empty stomach (1 hour before
eating or 2 hours after eating).

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FOOD – DRUG INTERACTION (CONT)

4. On the other hand, some medicines are

easier to handle when taken with food. If you
don’t take them with food, you may feel nauseous
or dizzy. This is often the case with some
antibiotics.

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DIFFERENCES BETWEEN FOOD AND

DRUGS
DIFFERENCES DRUGS FOOD

Regulated by Therapeutic Goods Consumer Protection

Administration (TGA) Agency

Taste Taste is not the focus of Taste plays an important

medicine role in food

Role To treat individuals or For nutrition which is

prevent disease, generally ongoing and essential, and
for circumstantial or can also often play a social
temporary use role
Use and Selection They are generally used It is self-selected
under the supervision of a
health practitioner
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DIFFERENCES BETWEEN FOOD AND

DRUGS (CONT)
DIFFERENCES DRUGS FOOD

Risk Profile The risk to benefit balance Generally there is a low

must be considered before risk
use
Manufacture and Generally, it involves a Generally, it involves a
Preparation complex manufacturing simpler preparation
process process

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SIMILARITIES BETWEEN FOOD AND

DRUGS
1. They are often taken orally.
2. They can play a role in supporting health.
3. They can contain similar ingredients.
4. They must be safe for consumption.
5. They are both regulated by NAFDAC in
Nigeria.
6. They both have duration of action in the
body before been used up.

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CONCLUSION

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THANK YOU FOR YOUR RAPT

ATTENTION

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REFERENCES

1. (2023). Retrieved from

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drug

2. (N.d.). Retrieved from

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Food_Progr
amme

3. Drug-food interactions - familydoctor.org.

(n.d.). Retrieved from
https://www.google.com/amp/s/familydoctor.or
g/drug-food-interactions/amp/

4. Olajire, B. (2022). Retrieved from

https://servantboy.com/classes-of-food/
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