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Atmosphere • The atmosphere is a mixture of gases that surrounds the planet. On Earth, the atmosphere helps make life possible. Besides providing us with something to breathe, it shields us from most of the harmful ultraviolet (UV) radiation coming from the Sun, warms the surface of our planet by about 33° C (59° F) via the greenhouse effect, and largely prevents extreme differences between daytime and nighttime temperatures. • The atmosphere is the thin envelope of gas molecules surrounding the Earth; it is held down by Earth's gravitational pull . • The atmosphere is concentrated at the Earth's surface and rapidly thins as you move upward, blending with space at about 100 miles above sea level. Atmosphere Atmospheric Layers • Troposphere • Stratosphere • Meososphere • Thermosphere Troposphere • The troposphere is the first and lowest layer of the atmosphere of the Earth, and contains 75% of the total mass of the planetary atmosphere, 99% of the total mass of water vapour and aerosols, and is where most weather phenomena occur. • From the planetary surface of the Earth, the average height of the troposphere is 18 km (11 mi; 59,000 ft) in the tropics; 17 km (11 mi; 56,000 ft) in the midddle latitudes; and 6 km (3.7 mi; 20,000 ft) in the high latitudes of the polar regions in winter; thus the average height of the troposphere is 13 km (8.1 mi; 43,000 ft). Troposphere Stratosphere • The stratosphere is the stable (stratified) layer of atmosphere extending from the tropopause upward to a height of about 50 km. • stratosphere it is essential to life on earth because it absorbs biologically harmful UV radiation. • The stratosphere contains ~9.9% of air mass over the Earth, and ranges from ~10 to ~50 km ASL with ascending temperature up to ~270 K. Due to precipitation in the troposphere, H2O can scarcely survive through vertical transport to reach the stratosphere. Stratosphere