Lesson 01

Failure Is Our
Friend

High School English I

 Lesson 01 p.15
Failure Is Our Friend

No one wants to fail. We all want to succeed in

everything
everything we try that
뒤에 관계대명사 and생략to .avoid
that 절이failure. None-
everything 을 수식

theless, failing and learning from our bitter expe-

riences is necessary for success. In fact, the most

successful people are often people who have

선행사 people 을 관계대명사절이 수식
experienced many more failures than others.
 Lesson 01 p.15

One of the most famous examples of someone

who learned from failure was Thomas Edison.

He was one of the world’s greatest inventors,

and he acquired over 1,000 patents. Like a wiz-

ard, +heseem
「주어 seemed to take
+ to 부정사」 ideas
: ~ 처럼 from
보이다 = thin that+
「 It seems air. 주어
+ 동사」
However, he also faced tremendous difficulties.
 Lesson 01 p.15

Edison is said to have failed 9,999 times be-

완료부정사 「 to have p.p. 」 : to 부정사의 시제가 주절의 시제보다 한 시제
앞설 때 쓴다 .

fore creating a perfect light bulb. Unlike the

average person, Edison saw these mistakes

not as failures butB 」as: Aan

「 not A but 가 inevitable part of
아니라 B

the invention process. In response to a ques-

tion about his errors, he once said,

 Lesson 01 p.15

“I have not failed 9,999 times. I’ve success-

fully found 9,999 ways that will not work.” Of

course, he was right. He was able to achieve

success after failing repeatedly.

 Lesson 01 p.16

These failures can not only motivate us to find

상관접속사 「 not only A but also B 」 : A 뿐만 아니라 B
도
a successful way to accomplish our goal but

also help us to grow in wisdom and in spirit.

Toni Morrison began writing when she was in

college, but she did not produce anything

-thing, -body, -one 으로 끝나는 명사들은 형용사가 뒤에서 수식함

good enough to publish for many years.

「형용사 +enough to 부정사」 : (to 부정사 ) 할만큼 충분히 ~ 한
 Lesson 01 p.16

Her troubled marriage, divorce, and life as a

주어

single mother made it even harder

가목적어 for her to
to 부정사의 의미상의 주어

write. At 39, she published her first novel, The

it 의 진목적어

Bluest Eye, which received mixed reviews and

did not sell well. However, all her hardships

added depth to her novels and encouraged her

to improve her writing skills.

 Lesson 01 p.16

Later in her life, Morrison wrote master-

pieces such as Song of Solomon,

Beloved, and Jazz. In 1993, she became

the first African-American woman to re-

to 부정사 ( 형용사적 용법 ): ~ 할 ( 한 ) / 앞의 명사를 수식함

ceive the Nobel Prize in Literature.

 Lesson 01 p.17

Sometimes failure can lead us to success by

수단이나 방법을 나타내는 전치사 by

showing us that we are not good at something.

show- 수여동사 / us – 간접목적어 / that 절 - 직접목적어

The fashion designer Vera Wang, for example,

found a path to success, thanks to her failure. At

the age of seven, she began devoting herself to

devote oneself to ~: ~ 에 시간이나 노력을 쏟다

figure skating, hoping to compete in the

Olympics.
 Lesson 01 p.17

When she was 19, however, she failed to make

the U.S. Olympic team and quit figure skating.

She experienced a brutal letdown. While stay-

ing
접속사inwhile
Paris, she happened
을 생략하지 않은 분사구문 to discover her

passion for and talent

관계대명사의 in 계속적용법
fashion( design,
선행사는 앞 문장 )

which led her to move to fashion as a career.

 Lesson 01 p.17

After returning to America, she started working as

a salesperson in a clothing store. Developing her

career from she

분사구문 (=After editor of a her
developed fashion magazine
career …. ) to

design director for a global brand for about 20

years, she eventually ended up designing clothes

on her own.
 Lesson 01 p.17

Today, Vera Wang is a world-famous de-

signer
선행사
whose elegant dresses are sought
소유격 관계대명사 (=of whom)

after by celebrities the world over.

 Lesson 01 p.18

Still, wouldn’t it be even better if we could be

가정법 과거 「 if+ 주어 + 동사의 과거형 , 주어 +would+ 동사원형」문장에서
주절을 의문문으로 바꾼 것

successful without ever failing? We may think so,

but in the end, performing without failure

doesn’t necessarily produce lasting success. All

부분 부정 : 반드시 ~ 인 것은 아니다

success with no failure often leads a person to

arrogance and carelessness.

 Lesson 01 p.18

As a result, the always successful person or or-

ganization could suddenly encounter a disaster.

Between the 1960s and the 1980s, NASA, the

U.S. agency in charge of researching and ex-

동격을 나타내는 콤마 (,) 를 이용해 NASA 를 부연설명 하고 있다 .

ploring space, completed one successful mis-

sion after another with no significant failure.

 Lesson 01 p.18

In 1968, it launched Apollo 8, the first

manned spacecraft to fly around the moon.

In 1969, Apollo 11 landed on the moon, and

the NASA astronaut Neil Armstrong became

the first person in history앞의to명사구를

walk on the
수식하는 to 부정사구

moon.
 Lesson 01 p.19

During the following years, NASA successfully

sent five other rockets to the moon. Even

when the oxygen tank in Apollo 13 exploded

on its way to the moon in 1970, its entire

crew was rescued, and they were able to re-

turn home safely.

 Lesson 01 p.19

This continued series of successes made the deci-

sion-makers at NASA too self-assured and unable

「 make + 목적어 + 목적보어 ( 형용사 ) 」 :~ 를 …하게
만들다
to imagine failure. In 1986, NASA planned to send

its second space shuttle, Challenger, into orbit.

Right before the launch, engineers expressed con-

cerns about mechanical malfunctions and advised

조동사 should 생략됨

that, 요구
명령 the , launching be나타내는
주장 , 제안 등을 postponed.
동사
 Lesson 01 p.19

However, NASA managers did not take

their warnings seriously and launched

Challenger as planned. Challenger broke

apart 73 seconds after it was launched,

which resulted in the deaths of its seven

crew members.
 Lesson 01 p.20

Edison, Morrison, and Wang all suffered big fail-

ures, but they never gave up. They learned from

their mistakes and went on to experience even

greater triumphs. Like many successful people,

we「should view failure not

view/see/believe/consider asB the
A as opposite
」 :A 를 B로 of
여기다

success, but as an indispensable step on the

앞의 명사구를 수식하는 to 부정사
path to reach success.
 Lesson 01 p.20

After all, the only way to avoid failures is to do

명사구를 수식하는 to 부정사
( 형용사적 용법 )
nothing. J.K. Rowling said that suffering many
보어로 쓰인 to 부정사 ( 명사적 용법 )

failures in her life eventually enabled her to write

the Harry Potter series. She remarked, “Failure

taught me things about myself that I could have

learned no other way.”

 Lesson 01 p.20

By risking and confronting failures and

learning from them, we can become wiser

「 become/get + 비교급 and 비교급」 : 점점 더 ~
해지다
and stronger.