Iconic Theorems in

Mathematics
Mathematics is a vast and fascinating field, filled with groundbreaking theorems
that have shaped our understanding of the world. In this presentation, we will
explore some of the most iconic and influential mathematical theorems that have
stood the test of time.

by Hannah Bittar
The Pythagorean Theorem
1 Establishing the Relationship
The Pythagorean Theorem establishes that in a right-angled triangle, the square of the
hypotenuse is equal to the sum of the squares of the other two sides.

2 Practical Applications
This fundamental theorem has numerous practical applications in fields such as
engineering, architecture, and navigation, where it is used to calculate distances,
angles, and the dimensions of various structures.

3 Historical Significance
The Pythagorean Theorem is named after the ancient Greek mathematician and
philosopher Pythagoras, who is credited with its discovery. It is one of the most
widely known and studied theorems in mathematics.
Fermat's Last Theorem
The Theorem
Fermat's Last Theorem states
that there are no three positive
integers a, b, and c that satisfy
the equation a^n + b^n = c^n
for any integer value of n
greater than 2.
The Challenge
This theorem remained
unsolved for over 300 years,
despite the efforts of many
renowned mathematicians. It
was finally proven in 1995 by
the British mathematician
Andrew Wiles, who spent over
7 years working on the proof.
Significance
Fermat's Last Theorem is
considered one of the most
important and challenging
problems in the history of
mathematics, and its proof has
had far-reaching implications
in the field of number theory.
Euler's Identity
1 Connecting 2 Elegance and
Complex Numbers Simplicity
Euler's Identity relates This equation is often
complex numbers, described as the most
trigonometry, and beautiful and profound
exponentiation, equation in mathematics,
establishing the formula as it connects five
e^(iπ) + 1 = 0. fundamental
mathematical constants
in a remarkably simple
and elegant way.
3 Importance in
Mathematics
Euler's Identity is a
testament to the deep
connections and
underlying patterns in
mathematics, and it
continues to be a source
of fascination and
inspiration for
mathematicians and
students alike.
Euclid's Theorem
Infinite Primes
Euclid's Theorem asserts that there are
infinitely many prime numbers, and it
provides a method for constructing an infinite
sequence of prime numbers.
Elegant Proof
Euclid's proof of this theorem is a classic
example of mathematical elegance and
simplicity, demonstrating the power of logical
reasoning in the field of mathematics.
Fundamental Importance
This theorem is considered one of the most
fundamental results in number theory and has
had a profound impact on the development of
mathematics as a whole.
Lasting Legacy
Euclid's Theorem continues to be studied and
applied in various areas of mathematics, and it
remains a testament to the enduring
importance of the work of ancient Greek
mathematicians.
The Intermediate Value Theorem
Continuous Functions
The Intermediate Value Theorem establishes that if a continuous function takes
positive values at one point and negative values at another point within an interval,
then it must take all intermediate values within the interval.

Practical Applications
This theorem has numerous applications in various fields, such as economics,
physics, and engineering, where it is used to analyze the behavior of continuous
functions and make predictions about their behavior.

Theoretical Significance
The Intermediate Value Theorem is a fundamental result in real analysis and is
essential for the development of many other important theorems and concepts in
mathematics.