Engineering

Thermodynamics
EAE 2300
Tutorial Class – Week 11
Chapter 8: Entropy
8-25, 8-27, 8-34, 8-46, 8-48, 8-54,, 8-93
 8-25 A complete reversible heat pump produces heat at a
rate of 300 kW to warm a house maintained at . The
exterior air, which is at , serves as the sources. Calculate
the rate of entropy change of the two reservoirs and
determine if this heat pump satisfies the second law
according to the increase of entropy principle.

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8-25 A complete reversible heat pump produces heat at a rate of 300 kW to warm a house maintained at . The
exterior air, which is at , serves as the sources. Calculate the rate of entropy change of the two reservoirs and
determine if this heat pump satisfies the second law according to the increase of entropy principle.

Givens:

We need to determine:
and check whether it satisfies second law of thermodynamics
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Where,

According to first Law,

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Therefore,

Thus, the net rate of entropy is zero and must be since the heat pump is
reversible.
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 8-27 R-134a enters the coils of the evaporator of a
refrigeration system as a saturated liquid –vapor mix at a
pressure of . The Refrigerant absorbs of heat from the
cooled space, which is maintained at , and leaves as
saturated vapor at the same pressure. Determine,
(a) The entropy change of the refrigerant
(b) The entropy change of the cooled space
(c) The total entropy change

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8-27 R-134a enters the coils of the evaporator of a refrigeration system as a saturated liquid –vapor mix at a
pressure of . The Refrigerant absorbs of heat from the cooled space, which is maintained at , and leaves as
saturated vapor at the same pressure.

Entropy change is defined as:

Givens:

We need to determine:
(a) (b) (c)
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(b)
Similarly,

Any temperature change occurs within the wall of the tube, and thus both the
refrigerant and the cooled space remain isothermal during this process. Thus it is
an isothermal, internally reversible process.
Thus,

Therefore,

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(c) Therefore,

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 8-34 Calculate the change in specific entropy of water as it
is cooled at a constant pressure of from a saturated vapor
to a saturated liquid by using Gibbs equation . Use the
steam tables to verify the results.

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8-34 Calculate the change in specific entropy of water as it is cooled at a constant pressure of from a saturated
vapor to a saturated liquid by using Gibbs equation . Use the steam tables to verify the results.

Since the process is constant pressure,

Gibbs equation,

Since the water is converted from saturated vapor to

saturated liquid at constant pressure

Therefore the Gibbs equation is simplified to,

Rearranging,
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But

Therefore, From table A-5

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Verify from the tables,

From Table A-5,

At

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 8-46 Calculate the heat transfer, in kJ/kg, for the reversible
steady-flow process 1-3 shown in figure below.

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The heat transfer is the summation of the area under
1-2 and 2-3

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 8-48 An isentropic steam turbine processes 5 kg/s of
steam at 4 MPa, which is exhausted at 50 kPa and . Five
percent of this flow is diverted for feedwater heating at
700 kPa. Determine the power produced by this turbine, in
kW.

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8-48 An isentropic steam turbine processes 5 kg/s of steam at 4 MPa, which is exhausted at 50 kPa and . Five
percent of this flow is diverted for feedwater heating at 700 kPa. Determine the power produced by this turbine,
in kW.
Assumptions:
Process is isentropic (i.e. its reversible adiabatic)

Givens:

We need to determine:
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The energy Balance equation is given by:

Since the process is steady,

Rearranging,

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8-48 An isentropic steam turbine processes 5 kg/s of steam at 4 MPa, which is exhausted at 50 kPa and . Five
percent of this flow is diverted for feedwater heating at 700 kPa. Determine the power produced by this
turbine, in kW.
Five percent of flow diverted

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To find specific enthalpies:

At Point 3 (Exhaust exit):

Using Table A-5

But,

Therefore,
The phase = Superheated water

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 Using Table A-6
2682.4 kJ/kg

(Table A-6 for superheated water)

Since the process is isentropic:

At Point 1 (Inlet):
Using Table A-5

Since

Therefore, Phase = Superheated

Vapor

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 Using Table A-6
kJ/kg

(Table A-6 for superheated water)

Since the process is isentropic:

At Point 2 (Feeder exit):

Using Table A-5

Since

Therefore, Phase = Superheated

Vapor

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 Using Table A-6
kJ/kg

(Table A-6 for superheated water)

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 8-54 Steam enters a steady-flow adiabatic nozzle with a
low inlet velocity as a saturated vapor at 6 Mpa and is
compressed to 1.2 MPa .
(a) Under the condition that the exit velocity is to be the
maximum possible value, sketch the T-s diagram with
respect to the saturation lines for this process.
(b) Determine the maximum exit velocity of the steam, in
m/s

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8-54 Steam enters a steady-flow adiabatic nozzle with a low inlet velocity as a saturated vapor at 6 Mpa and is
compressed to 1.2 MPa

Givens:

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At Inlet:

Using Table A-5

For maximum velocity at exit, the entropy must be

constant.

Using Table A-5

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(b) The energy Balance equation is given by:

Since the process is steady,

Solve for

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 8-93 Five kilograms of air at and are contained in a
piston-cylinder device. The air expands adiabatically until
the pressure is and produces of the work output. Assume
air has constant specific heats evaluated at 300 K.
(a) Determine the entropy change of air in
(b) Since the process is adiabatic, is the process realistic?
Using concepts of the second law, support your answer.

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8-93 Five kilograms of air at and are contained in a piston-cylinder device. The air expands adiabatically until
the pressure is and produces of the work output. Assume air has constant specific heats evaluated at 300 K.

Givens:

At 300 K  , ,

We need to determine
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The energy Balance equation is given by:

Solve21/05/2024
for , 33
Entropy change for ideal gas is given by

(b) Since the entropy change is positive, thus the process is

irreversible and realistic

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