AUTO CUTOFF BATTERY

CHARING UNIT
SUBMITTED BY
1.PENTAKOTA HARSHVARDHAN
PIN NO : 21331-EE-028
2. MAKENA VENKAT HARSHAVARDHAN
PIN NO : 21331-EE-022
3. INAPACHAPPA ADARSH
PIN NO : 21331-EE-013
4. KALEGETHI DINESH
PIN NO : 21331-EE-016
5. DADI SHIVA SAI
PIN NO : 21331-EE-008
 AUTOVOLTAGE
CUTOFF CIRCUIT

we want to show you a simple circuit for the

charger when the battery is fully charged, the
charging automatically stopping , this is a circuit of
the auto cut off battery charger, it has only:-
 2NPN transister such as BC547, CC100 for
controlling the charging
- relay for cutting off this current path through the
battery after fully charged
10 kilo- ohm variable resister connected to the
base of the transistor,
the variable resister used for restricting the voltage
from how many volts you want to stop charging!
 Change Over type relay
(3c/o,2c/o)
A Change Over type relay is much like a Single Pole
Double Throw (SPDT) relay .
 Inorder to explain the working of a Change Over
Relay, I have compared it to a SPDT relay .
 ASPDT relay configuration switches ne common pole
to two other poles, flipping between them.
 Consider a SPDT relay with a common pole 'C' and let
the other two poles be 'A' and 'B' respectively.
 When the coil is not powered (inactive), the common
pole' C' is connected to the pole 'A'(NC) and is in resting
position.
 But when the relay is powered (active) the common
pole 'C' is connected to pole 'B'(NO) and isn't in resting
position.
Hence only one position is resting position while the
other position needs the coil to be powered.
 Step Down Transformer
12-0V,750mA

0-12 750mA. Step Down Transformer 12-0

is a general purpose chassis mounting 750mA
mains transformer.
 Transformer has 230V primary
winding and non-center tapped
secondary winding.
 The transformer has flying colored
insulated connecting leads (Approx 100 Specifications of
mm long). 0-12V 750mA
The Transformer act as step down Step Down Transformer
transformer reducing AC-230V to AC
12V.  Input Voltage: 230V AC
Output Voltage: 12V or OV
 Output Current: 750mA
 Mounting: Vertical mount type
 INVERTER TRANSFORMER:
CONSTRUCTION
FUNDAMENTALS
&
WORKING
Inverter transformers PRINCIPLE
are voltage-fed type of power
transformers.
 They are often known as electronic transformers
due to their application in low scale power
conversion.
 These inverter transformers are used where the
DC power supply is available but AC input is
required for a power-driven device.
 The inverter performs DC to AC conversion and Specifications of inverter Transforme
further, the transformer can be used as a power
transformer for a step up or step down applications, Input Voltage : 230V AC
which is why they are considered special type
 Output Voltage : 12v-0v-12v
performers.
 Due to power conversion and step-up-step-down  Output Current : 1.3A
possibilities  Output wattage : 300W
 6A10 Diode
6A10 diode is a 1000 Volt 6 Ampere Power
Diode that provides uncontrolled power
rectification and is used in applications such
as battery charging and DC power supplies as
well as AC rectifiers and inverters.
Due to their high current and voltage
characteristics, they can also be used as free- 6A10 Diode circuit
wheeling diodes and snubber networks .

Specification
 Forward voltage : 900mV
 Average forward current : 6A
 Non-repetitive Peak current : 400A
 Peak Reverse current : 10uA
 Repetitive reverse voltage : 1000V

6A10 Diode
Light emitting diode (LED) TOGGLE SWITCH

The Light-emitting diode is a two-lead

semiconductor light source. In 1962, Nick Holonyak The toggle switch working principle is; that
has come up with the idea of a light-emitting diode, once the operator of the switch pushes the
and he was working for the general electric toggle, then the armature switches the
company. contact into position to begin or discontinue
 The LED is a special type of diode and they have the flow of electric current. or in simple
similar electrical characteristics to a PN junction words, once the toggle is pressed it can
diode. switch on or off a device
 Hence the LED allows the flow of current in the
forward direction and blocks the current in the
reverse direction.
The LED occupies a small area which is less
than 1 mm2.
 AC VOLT+AMP METER DC VOLT+AMP
500V,100A METER
100V,10A

AC DC VOLTMETER
VOLTMETER
The frequency and width of the rectangular pulse are controlled by the
controller’s digital circuitry. AND – It produces a high output when The voltmeter begins working when it receives an input i.e
both inputs are high. When a train pulse and a rectangle pulse are fed to
the input signal whose voltage is to be measured. The input
it, the AND gate produces a train pulse output.
signal can not be read as such and thereby is converted in
rectangular pulse by the pulse generator.
AC AMPMETER WITH CT COIL
The working principle of an ammeter mainly depends on resistance
as well as inductive reactance. This device includes extremely less
impedance because it must include less amount of voltage drop
across it. It is connected in series because the flow of current within
the series circuit is the same.
To measure high currents that are stepped down to a standard output
ratio. To standardise the output current range to either 5 A or 1 A.
FUSE 10A

The working principle of an electrical fuse is based on the

heating effect of electric current. Upon excessive current flow
through the Fuse, the thin metallic wire of the Fuse melts due to
the heat produced by the current. As the metal wire melts, it
results in opening the circuit and completely stopping the current
flow in it.
Advantages
1. *Battery Protection*: Prevents overcharging, which can
damage batteries and reduce their lifespan.
2. *Energy Efficiency*: Stops charging when the battery is full,
reducing energy consumption and saving electricity costs.
3. *Convenience*: Automatically switches off when charging is
complete, so you don't have to constantly monitor the charging
process.
4. *Prolongs Battery Life*: By preventing overcharging, auto
cutoff chargers help extend the battery's lifespan.
5. *Reduces Risk of Fire*: Overcharging can cause batteries to
heat up and potentially catch fire; auto cutoff chargers minimize
this risk
DISAdvantages
1. *Higher Cost*: Auto cutoff battery chargers are generally
more expensive than basic chargers.
2. *Dependence on Sensor Accuracy*: The charger relies on
sensors to detect when the battery is fully charged; inaccurate
sensors can lead to overcharging or undercharging.
3. *Compatibility Issues*: Some auto cutoff chargers may not
be compatible with all types of batteries or devices.
4. *Limited Customization*: Auto cutoff chargers may not offer
adjustable charging settings or customization options.
5. *False Sense of Security*: Users may become complacent
and not monitor their batteries regularly, leading to potential
issues if the charger malfunctions.
Applications

This auto turn-off battery charger for

series-connected 4-cell AA batteries
automatically disconnects from mains to
stop charging when the batteries are
fully charged. It can be used to charge
partially discharged cells as well.
Result and Conclusion
It Automatically Charges The Battery When Its Terminal Voltage
Drops Below 12 Volts And Switch Off The Charging Process. When
terminal voltage rises to 14.2 volts. So that the battery can be kept
unattended. Working of the circuit is too simple.
In this blog post, we have learned that understanding the
battery charging circuit is essential for the proper maintenance
and longevity of your batteries. By knowing the three stages of
battery charging and the fundamental charging parameters,
you can ensure that your batteries are charged efficiently and
effectively. Additionally, the importance of CC and CV cannot
be overstated in achieving optimal charging results. Lastly,
incorporating an auto-cut off circuit can provide an extra layer
of safety and convenience in your charging process. By
following these guidelines, you can extend the life of your
batteries and save yourself time and money in the long run.
Thank you