DOORS AND WINDOWS

GLAZING
• Glazing is the operation of fixing glass in
windows, doors and other openings.
• It is the act of fixing glass into a frame or
surround
• The purpose of glazing is to secure glass in
position in window frames and to make a
weather tight seal against penetration of
rain around the edge of the glass.
 DOORS AND WINDOWS
• The common method of glazing for single
glazing to softwood and metal frames is putty
glazing and to aluminum and UPVC frame is
bead glazing with non setting compound and
tapes.
 DOORS AND WINDOWS

Putty Glazing
Glazing with putty which dries and sets to a
hard finish is used to secure glass in wood/steel
frames where there is a little structural and
thermal movement.
Two kinds of putty are generally used;
• Linseed oil putty; It is used on the primed
wood members.
• Metal Casement putty; It is used on metal
and non absorbent wood members.
 DOORS AND WINDOWS

Application of Putty Glazing

•The glass pane should be cut to allow a
minimum clearance of 2mm all around for
both wood and metal frames.
• Sufficient putty is applied to the rebate to
give at least 2mm of back putty when the glass
is pressed into the rebate.
•The glass is secured in position with the use
of metal clips or sprigs until the putty is
hardened.
 DOORS AND WINDOWS
Application of Putty Glazing cont…
•Putty is then spread in the rebate up to the
edge of the glass and finished as a weathered
front putty slopping from the edge of rebate up
to about 2mm below the sight line.
•The back putty is trimmed and finished with a
slight slope.
 DOORS AND WINDOWS

Fig; Putty glazing to wood frame Fig; Putty glazing to a metal frame
 DOORS AND WINDOWS
Glazing with beads
• Bead glazing may be used as an alternative to putty
glazing which may not always provide a neat finish.
Application;
i. Sufficient putty is spread all around the rebate to
provide adequate back putty.
ii. The glass is bedded and pressed firmly into the
rebate so that the putty is 1.5mm thick is squeezed
between the glass and back of the rebate as back
putty.
iii. The externally beads is also bedded with putty
against the glass into the bed of the rebate
iv. The bead are pressed firmly against the glass and
then secured with pins or screws.
 DOORS AND WINDOWS
Fig; Glazing with putty and bead Pic; Hardwood glazing bead
 WOOD WORKING JOINTS
Joinery is the part of wood working that
involves joining pieces of wood together.
Types of joints
I. Butt joints.
This joint is formed by nailing or screwing the
end of one piece of wood to the end of the
other.
WOOD WORKING JOINTS
 WOOD WORKING JOINTS
II. Halving Joints
• A halving joint is where half of each two
pieces of timber being joined is removed; so
that two boards joined together flush with
one another.
• They have to be fixed in place using nails,
screws or adhesive.
• They are commonly used in jointing timber
length wise or in a simple frame.
A fig showing halving joint
 WOOD WORKING JOINTS
III. Mitre Joint
• It occurs when two end pieces are cut on
angle and fitted together.
• It is commonly used to joint moulded finishes
at internal and external corners such as
skirting and architrave.
A fig showing an example of mitre joint
 WOOD WORKING JOINTS
IV. Dovetail Joints A figure showing the dovetail joints
• In this case a series of pins
cut into one board and
tails into the second board
from the joint.
• Once glued a wooden
dovetail joint requires no
mechanical fasteners.
• Are commonly found on
the front of drawers or on
boxes such as wooden tool
box
 WOOD WORKING JOINTS
V. Mortise and Tenon Joints
•The joint is formed by sawing a mortise hole
into one piece of wood. The tenon is formed
at the end of the other piece of wood to fit
mortise hole in the first piece. The joint is then
glued together.
•The mortise is the cavity and the tenon is the
piece that fits into the mortise.
•It is the principle joint used in windows and
door frame.
A figure below, shows mortise and tenon joints.
 WOOD WORK JOINTS
VI. Tongue and Groove Joints
• This is made with one edge consisting of a slot
that runs down the entire length of the timber
and tongue which fits into the slot.