The basic function of Parliament is to make laws.

All legislative
proposals have to be brought in the form of Bills before Parliament.
The process of law making begins with the introduction of a Bill in
either House of Parliament. A Bill is a statute in draft and cannot
become law unless it has received the approval of both the Houses
of Parliament and the assent of the President of India. A Bill
undergoes three readings in each House, i.e., the Lok Sabha and the
Rajya Sabha, before it is submitted to the President for assent.
 Difference between a Bill and an Act
 What is a bill?
A bill is the draft of a legislative proposal, which, when passed by both
houses of Parliament and assented to the President, becomes an act of
Parliament.
 What is an Act?

An Act is originally a bill which is proposed by the Parliament first and when it gets
approval from the Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha and the President as well, it
becomes an act.
 How a bill is introduced in the parliament?

The legislative process begins with the

introduction of a bill in either house of
Parliament, i.e. the Lok Sabha or the
Rajya Sabha. A bill can be introduced
either by a minister or by a private
member. In the former case it is known
as a government bill and in the latter
case it is known as a private member's
bill.
 Types of Bills
There are four types of Bills

Ordinary Bill Money Bill

(Article 107, 108) (Article 110)

Financial Bill
(Article 117 of the Constitutional
Indian amendment bill.
constitution)
Difference between Ordinary and Money bill

Ordinary bill Money bill

 Intro.:- In either Lok Sabha  Intro.:- Only in Lok Sabha

or Rajya Sabha.
 Sent for presidents assent
only after being approved
by both the houses.
 In case of deadlock, there is
a provision of a joint sitting
 Send for his assent only after
Lok Sabha’s approval.
 No chance of disagreement,
hence, no provision of a joint
sitting.
 First Reading
 The legislative process starts with introduction of the bill in either of
the house of parliament- Rajya Sabha or Lok Sabha.

 A minister or a member introduces the bill. When a minister

introduces the bill it’s a Government bill and when a member
introduces the bill it’s known as Private members bill.

 He asks for leave before introducing the bill. He reads the title and
objective of the bill. No discussion on the bill takes place in this stage.
 Publication in Gazette
 Gazette- is an authorized legal document of
Government of India. An official gazette is the legal
newspaper of a country, or of an administrative part
of a country, which publishes the text of new laws,
decrees, regulations, treaties, legal notices, and court
decisions.
 After the introduction, the bill is published in the
Gazette of India
 If the bill is published in the Indian Gazette before
its introduction, the minister/member does not have
to ask for leave
 Reference of bill to standing committee
 After introduction the Presiding Officer of the house concerned
can refer the bill to the standing committee concerned for
examination and make report thereon

 The committee shall consider the general principles and clauses of

the bill referred to them and make a report thereon
.
 After the bill has been considered the committee submits its report
to the house.
 Second Reading
The Second Reading consists of two stages.
The "First Stage" constitutes discussion on the principles of the
Bill and its provisions generally on any of the following
motions:
1. It may take the bill into consideration immediately or on
some other fixed date.
2. It may refer the bill to a select committee of the House
3. It may refer the bill to a joint committee of the two
Houses
4. It may circulate the bill to elicit public opinion
 The “second stage” consist of clause by clause consideration of the bill as introduced
or as reported by select/Joint committee
 Discussion takes place on each clause and amendments to clauses can be moved at this
stage.
 Amendments to a clause which have been moved but not withdrawn are put to the vote
of the house before the relevant clause is disposed of by the house.
 The amendments become part of the bill if they’re accepted by a majority of members
present and voting.
 After the clauses, the schedule, if any clause 1, have been adopted by the house the
second reading is deemed to be over.
 Third Reading
 One of the two actions take place:
1. Acceptance of the Bill (If the majority of members present and voting
accept the bill, the bill is regarded as passed by the House)
2. Rejection of the Bill
 Note:
1. No amendments to the bill are allowed
2. A bill is deemed to have been passed by the Parliament only when both the
Houses have agreed to it, either with or without amendments.
 Money Bill
 Money bills can only be introduced in Lok Sabha.
 Rajya sabha must return all the money bill within fourteen days
from the date of their receipt.
 If lok sabha accepts any recommendations of rajya sabha, the
money bill is deemed to have been passed by both the houses
with amendments recommended by rajya sabha.
 Consideration of the bill at a joint sitting
 The president calls for the joint sitting of both the houses.

 There are three conditions under which there happen to be a deadlock:

1. The second house rejects the bill.
2. The first house does not agree with the amendments made by the second house.
3. Second house delay the bill for 6 months.

 The joint sitting is presided over by:

1. The speaker of lok sabha.
2. The deputy speaker of lok sabha.
3. The deputy chairman of rajya sabha.
 Assent of the President

A bill becomes an Act only after the president has given

assent to it.
THANK
YOU!