Volcano

For this week , you should be able to:

DEPED MELC Describe the different types

of volcanoes and volcanic
eruption.
ENGAG
E
Identification: Identify the different layers of the
Earth.
1. Which of the
following is the
Earth’s crust?
Identification: Identify the different layers of the
Earth.
1. Which of the
following is the
Earth’s crust?

Answer: A
2. Which of the
Identification: Identify the different layers of the
following is the earth.
outer core?
2. Which of the
Identification: Identify the different layers of the
following is the earth.
outer core?

Answer: C
3. Which of the
following is the
mantle?
3. Which of the
following is the
mantle?

Answer: B
ENGAG
E are the internal and external
What
structures of a volcano?
 Where Does the Word ‘Volcano’ Come From?
Have you ever thought about why volcanoes are actually called 'volcanoes'? Can
you think of a reason why?

The word 'volcano' comes from the The island

island ‘Vulcano’, which is a volcanic actually gets its
island in Italy. name from the
Roman god of fire
– Vulcan.

Vulcano, Italy.
 The Roman God of Fire
Roman mythology says that Vulcan lived in a volcano. As well as being the god
of fire, he made many weapons and forged them using metal and fire. He was a
very skilled blacksmith.

Romans believed that if Vulcan

was made angry, the volcano
would erupt. So they tried their
best to please him and not anger
him.
Parts of a
Volcano
 External Structures of A
Volcano

Base
 External Structures of A
external
Volcano
bottom
part of the
volcano
supporting
the entire
body.

Base
External Structures of A
Volcano

Flank
External Structures of A
Volcano

Flank
Sloping side
 External Structures of A
Volcano
Vent/
Crate
r
Taal Volcano

Caldera
Apolaki Caldera
The Apolaki Caldera is a
volcanic caldera with a
diameter of 150 kilometers
(93 mi), making it the
world's largest caldera. It is
located within the Benham
Rise (Philippine Rise) and
was discovered in 2019 by
Jenny Anne Barretto, a
Filipina marine
geophysicist and her team.
Internal Structures of A
Volcano

Magma
Chamber
Internal Structures of A
Volcano magma accumulates
underground in an
open zone

Magma
Chamber
Internal Structures of A
Volcano

Conduit
Internal Structures of A
VolcanoMagma may either solidify inside the
chamber forming intrusive igneous rock or
may flow upward along the path called
conduit.

Conduit
Internal Structures of A
Volcano

Throat
Internal Structures of A
Volcano
Upper part of the
conduit, leading to the
vent

Throat
Internal Structures of A
Volcano

Vent
Internal Structures of A
Volcano

Vent
Where lava and
ashes are ejected
Flank Vent

Image Attribution: Mauna Loa from the air by Brocken Inaglory from Wikimedia Commons. Accessed for free
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Mauna_Loa_from_the_air.jpg Distributed under CC BY-SA 3.0 license
Flank Vent
magma may pass
through smaller
openings and may
create another vent
located on the side of
the volcano
Image Attribution: Mauna Loa from the air by Brocken Inaglory from Wikimedia Commons. Accessed for free
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Mauna_Loa_from_the_air.jpg Distributed under CC BY-SA 3.0 license
 Internal Structures of A
Volcano

Piles of Lava Layers

Ash
Identification: Identify the different parts of the
volcano.

1 2
3
4

5
Identification: Identify the different parts of the
volcano.

Flank Vent 2
3
4

5
Identification: Identify the different parts of the
volcano.

Flank Vent 2
3
4

5
Identification: Identify the different parts of the
volcano.

Flank Vent Throat

3
4

5
Identification: Identify the different parts of the
volcano.

Flank Vent Throat

3
4

5
Identification: Identify the different parts of the
volcano.

Flank Vent Throat

Layers of Lava
4

5
Identification: Identify the different parts of the
volcano.

Flank Vent Throat

Layers of Lava
4

5
 Identification: Identify the different parts of the
volcano.

Flank Vent Throat

Layers of Lava
Layers of Ash

5
 Identification: Identify the different parts of the
volcano.

Flank Vent Throat

Layers of Lava
Layers of Ash

5
 Identification: Identify the different parts of the
volcano.

Flank Vent Throat

Layers of Lava
Layers of Ash

Magma Chamber
 DOST -
PHIVOLCS

Image Attribution: Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology in UP Diliman Campus, Quezon City. by patrickroque01from Wikimedia Commons. Accessed for free
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:DOST_Phivolcs,_front_(Diliman,_Quezon_City)(2019-04-29).jpgDistributed under CC BY-SA 3.0 license
 The Three Stages of Volcanoes
Scientists have placed volcanoes in to three different categories.
What do you think each one is?

Active
An active volcano is one that has erupted recently, and there is the possibility
that it may erupt again.

Dormant
A dormant volcano is one that has not erupted for a long time, however, it may
still erupt in the future.

Extinct
An extinct volcano is one which has erupted
thousands of years ago, but it will
probably never erupt again.
ACTIVE
Mt. Pinatubo

Image Attribution: Mount Balungao by Ramon Fvelasquez from Wikimedia Commons. Accessed for free https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Balunaojf6134_01.JPG
Distributed under CC BY-SA 3.0 license

Mt. Balungao
INACTIV
Types of volcanoes according to
shape
Types of volcanoes according to shape

COMPOSIT
E
Types of volcanoes according to shape

COMPOSIT
A composite volcano is called a stratovolcano because when you divide the volcano into

E
equal halves exposing the inner structure, you will notice that it consists of alternating
layers of solidified ashes and lava.

This happens when ashes and other pyroclastic materials cover the flank of an erupting
volcano followed by the flowing lava.

Composite volcanoes are the most destructive types of volcanoes.

Types of Volcanoes according to Shape

SHIEL
D
Types of Volcanoes according to Shape

SHIEL
D
A shield volcano is broader and bigger than composite
volcanoes. It does not possess a steep flank.

This type of volcano isn’t destructive like the composite

ones.
Types of Volcanoes according to Shape

CINDER
Types of Volcanoes according to Shape

CINDER
A cinder cone volcano usually has a narrow base, steep slope
angle built from the pyroclastic materials from a single vent.

This type is relatively smaller than composite volcanoes.

ELABORA
TE
ELABOR
ATE VISCOSIT
Y

Silica
ELABOR
ATE VISCOSIT
Y Viscosity is the
resistance of the
fluid to flow.
ELABOR
ATE VISCOSIT
chemical
Y composition,
temperature,
dissolved gas ,
Silica (Silicon
Dioxide)
ELABOR
ATE
If the lava is rich in silica, it solidifies even
before it reaches the base of the volcano
and piles up near the vent.

As it is done repeatedly, the height and

the slope of the volcano become higher
and steeper, forming a cone shape.
ELABOR
ATE
if the lava has less silica content, it
becomes fluid that it spreads out,
forming a resemblance of a
warrior’s shield.
ELABOR
ATE

if the lava is too viscous, it cannot

flow easily. It can cover only a small
area and creates a steep slope.
ELABOR
ATE
Pacific

Ring of

Fire
ELABOR
ATE
Mt. Pinatubo

Mt. Mayon
ELABORAT
E
Soil

Nearby

the

Volcano
ELABORAT
E
Did you know that soils nearby a volcano are actually fertile
and are good for agricultural purposes? Soil
When volcanic eruptions occur, the lava flows out of the
volcano and will soon solidify and undergo weathering. This
process may take many long years but its effect on the soil Nearby
chemistry and property is good. Many minerals and
nutrients beneath the earth are also ejected during the
eruptions, making the soil even more suitable for farming. the

Volcano
ELABORAT
E Thoughts to
Painful experiences come to all
Ponder
people regardless of their social
status, achievements and physique,
just like an erupting volcano where
no one is exempted from
devastation.