Physics

ELECTRICITY AND CIRCUITS

Class - VI
INDEX
1.1 ELECTRIC CELL?
1.2 A BULB CONNECTED TO AN ELECTRIC CELL?
1.3 An ELECTRIC CIRCUIT?
1.4 ELECTRIC SWITCH
1.5 ELECTRIC CONDUCTORS AND INSULATORS
 INTRODUCTION

.
 ELECTRIC CELL?
Imagine your flashlight (torch). It gets its power from something called an electric
cell.

Positive Terminal (like a metal cap): This is like the happy side of the power station.
Negative Terminal (like a metal disc): This is like the not-so-happy side, but it's
crucial for the power to flow.

The main job of these electric cells is to keep a steady flow of power between these
two sides.

Inside the flashlight, there's a special place where you put

batteries. These batteries are like the power source for the
magic glow.
When you turn on the flashlight, the batteries do something
amazing. They change their special energy into something we
can see - light!
 A BULB CONNECTED TO AN ELECTRIC CELL?

Imagine a bulb and an electric cell are like best friends. When
you connect them, it's like the bulb is getting its power from
the electric cell

think of the electric cell as a tiny powerhouse. It does

something really cool – it transforms a special kind of energy
called chemical energy (like magic potion inside the cell) into
something we can use – electrical energy!
 AN ELECTRIC CIRCUIT?
Connecting Bulb to Electric Cell:
Imagine a bulb is like a little light superhero, and it has two ends (terminals).
Now, let's connect these two ends of the bulb to the two ends of an electric cell
using some special pathways called wires.
What Happens When Connected:
When the bulb's ends are linked to the electric cell with wires, something
magical happens.
Electric current (a flow of electricity) starts moving through the wires and enters
the filament (the thin wire) inside the bulb.
Result:
This electric current flowing through the filament makes the filament glow, and
you have light!
Electric Circuit:
When you connect everything in a loop, from the electric cell through the wires
to the bulb and back to the cell, it's like forming a complete pathway for the
electricity. This complete loop is called an electric circuit.
 ELECTRIC SWITCH?
ON Position:
When the switch is ON, it's like opening the magic door. Electricity
can flow through the circuit, and if there's a bulb in the circuit, it
will glow.
OFF Position:
Now, when you turn the switch OFF, it's like closing the magic door.
This stops the flow of electricity. No more magic electricity can go
through, and if there's a bulb, it won't glow.
 ELECTRIC CONDUCTORS AND INSULATORS

Conductors:
Imagine electricity as a team of tiny runners. Conductors are like the relay race
track where these runners can easily pass the baton.
Metals, like the superheroes of the team, are great conductors. So, materials
that let electricity flow through them are called conductors.
Electric wires, made of metals, act as the track for these tiny runners
(electricity) in circuits.
Insulators:
Now, think of insulators as blockers or barriers that don't let the tiny runners
pass. They keep the electricity contained and safe.
Materials that don't allow electricity to pass through them are insulators.
These materials, like superheroes' shields, protect us from the potential
dangers of electricity.
Insulators are used to cover wires or create barriers, preventing unintended
electric currents.
Multiple Choice Questions
1. Which of the following materials is commonly used as an insulator in electrical
wires?
a) Copper
b) Aluminum
c) Rubber
d) Silver.
2. Which type of current is produced by household batteries?
a) Direct current (DC)
b) Alternating current (AC)
c) Variable current (VC)
d) Magnetic current (MC)
3. What is the primary purpose of a circuit breaker?
a) To store electrical energy
b) To interrupt the flow of electricity in case of overload
c) To increase the voltage in a circuit
d) To regulate the current in a circuit