CLASSIFICATION

AND DEGREE OF
BURNS, SCALD &
FROSTBITE
WEEK 9-10 | MIDTERM
BURN
A burn occurs when heat, chemicals,
sunlight, electricity or radiation damages
skin tissue.
WHAT ARE THE TYPES OF
BURNS?
1. First-degree burns are mild (like most sunburns).
The top layer of skin (epidermis) turns red and is
painful but doesn’t typically blister.
2. Second-degree burns affect skin’s top and lower
layers (dermis). You may experience pain, redness,
swelling and blistering.
3. Third-degree burns affect all three skin layers:
epidermis, dermis and fat. The burn also destroys hair
follicles and sweat glands. Because third-degree burns
damage nerve endings, you probably won’t feel pain in the
burn itself, rather adjacent to it. Burned skin may be black,
white or red with a leathery appearance.
 Fourth-degree. This is the deepest and most severe of
burns. They’re potentially life-threatening. These burns
destroy all layers of your skin, as well as your bones,
muscles, and tendons.
COMMON CAUSES OF BURNS
 Friction burns. When a hard object rubs off some of your skin,
you have what’s called a friction burn. It’s both an abrasion
(scrape) and a heat burn. These are common in motorcycle and
bike accidents. Carpet burn is another type of friction burn.
 Cold burns. Also called “frostbite,” cold burns cause damage to
your skin by freezing it. You can get frostbite by being outside in
freezing temperatures. It can also happen when your skin comes
into direct contact with something very cold for a prolonged
period of time.
 Thermal burns. Touching a very hot object raises the
temperature of your skin to the point that your skin cells start
dying. Very hot metals, scalding liquids, and flames all cause
thermal burns. Steam can, too.
 Radiation burns. Sunburn is a type of radiation burn. Other
sources of radiation, like X-rays or radiation therapy to treat
cancer, can also cause these.
 Chemical burns. Strong acids, solvents or detergents
that touch your skin can cause it to burn.
 Electrical burns. If you come into contact with an
electrical current, you can get this type of burn.
SCALD
Scalds are produced by moist heat which may be
steam or any hot liquid, such as water, oil or even
molten metal. They are typically less severe than
burns produced by dry heat. Scalds result from hot
liquids. The source is usually water but hot oils,
other liquids, and even steam can cause scalds.
POISON
POISONING
TYPES OF POISONING
Ingestion
Inhalation
Injection
Absorption
CLASSIFICATION OF POISON
SYMPTOMS OF POISONING
 The symptoms caused by poisoning depend on the poison, the
amount taken, and the age and underlying health of the person
who takes it. Some poisons are not very potent and cause
problems only with prolonged exposure or repeated ingestion
of large amounts. Other poisons are so potent that just a drop
on the skin can cause severe symptoms.
 Some poisons cause symptoms within seconds, whereas others
cause symptoms only after hours, days, or even years. Some
poisons cause few obvious symptoms until they have damaged
vital organs—such as the kidneys or liver—sometimes
permanently.
CHANGES OF THE HUMAN BODY
DUE TO POISON
The effects of poison on the human body can vary greatly
depending on the type and amount of poison ingested,
inhaled, or absorbed. Generally, poison can lead to several
changes in the human body, which may include:
1. Damage to organs: Poison can cause harm to vital organs
such as the liver, kidneys, lungs, and brain. This can lead
to organ failure and, in severe cases, death.
2. Nervous system issues: Some poisons target the nervous
system, causing symptoms such as tremors, seizures,
paralysis, or even coma.
3. Skin irritation: Certain poisons can cause irritation,
redness, or even burns on the skin.
4. Respiratory problems: Inhaling poisonous substances can
lead to respiratory issues like difficulty breathing, coughing,
wheezing, or shortness of breath.
5. Gastrointestinal issues: Poison ingestion can cause
nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, and other
gastrointestinal problems.
6. Cardiovascular effects: Some poisons can affect the heart
and blood vessels, leading to irregular heartbeat, low blood
pressure, or even heart failure.
7. Hormonal imbalances: Certain poisons can disrupt the
endocrine system, causing hormonal imbalances that can lead to
various health issues.
8. Immune system suppression: Poison exposure can weaken the
immune system, making the body more susceptible to infections
and illnesses.
9. Allergic reactions: Some individuals may experience an
allergic reaction to poison, which can range from mild symptoms
like itching and hives to severe reactions like anaphylaxis.
10. Long-term health effects: Chronic exposure to certain
poisons can lead to long-term health issues, such as cancer,
neurological disorders, or organ damage.
 HUMAN BODY SYMPTOMS OF
POISON AND DROWNING

 Both poisoning and drowning can cause various symptoms

in the human body, and it's essential to recognize these
signs to provide appropriate and timely medical assistance.
Here's a comparison of the symptoms associated with each
condition:
SYMPTOMS OF POISONING:
1. Nausea and vomiting
2. Abdominal pain and discomfort
3. Diarrhea
4. Dizziness and lightheadedness
5. Weakness and fatigue
6. Confusion and disorientation
7. Difficulty breathing or shortness of breath
8. Seizures and tremors
9. Changes in heart rate or rhythm
10. Skin irritation, redness, or burns (depending on the type of poison)
11. Loss of consciousness or coma (in severe cases)
Symptoms of Drowning:
1. Difficulty breathing or gasping for air
2. Coughing and choking
3. Blue or pale skin, lips, and nails (due to lack of oxygen)
4. Inability to speak or respond coherently
5. Weakness, fatigue, or loss of consciousness
6. Chest pain or pressure
7. Irregular heartbeat or heart attack (in severe cases)
8. Unconsciousness or coma (in severe cases)
9. Frothy, pink, white, or blood-tinged foam around the mouth or nose
10. Empty vomitus from the mouth after being pulled from the water (indicating
inhalation of water)
THE END. THANK YOU!