MINULÝ ČAS PROSTÝ A PRŮBĚHOVÝ

SROVNÁNÍ

Autorem materiálu a všech jeho částí, není-li uvedeno jinak, je Mgr. Zuzana Jurajdová.
Dostupné z Metodického portálu www.rvp.cz; ISSN 1802-4785.
Provozuje národní ústav pro vzdělávání, školské poradenské zařízení a zařízení pro další vzdělávání pedagogických
pracovníků (NÚV) .
prezentace slouží ke srovnání časů
minulých – prostého a průběhového,
předpokládá se, že studenti již umí časy
tvořit, ale potřebují procvičit používání,
na slidech 13, 14, 21, 22, 23 jsou uvedeny
možné odpovědi, ty se ale mohou lišit od
odpovědí studentů.
 MINULÉ ČASY

MIN. ČAS PRŮBĚHOVÝ MINULÝ ČAS

• děj probíhal delší dobu, PROSTÝ
• zdůrazňujeme jeho • děj proběhl v minulosti
trvání. (nevíme jak dlouho,
a není to důležité).
i t i n g t h er
h e
o f
d o
inr y. Čekala jsem
ČIe w
kaalsa w
jsa
e m ta m I waited fnoar aautobus.
h o u r s. bu s .
 MINULÉ ČASY
MIN. ČAS PRŮBĚHOVÝ MIN. ČAS PROSTÝ
• nejde nám o výsledek • zajímá nás výsledek
činnosti. činnosti.

vova l s v é a utios .
c ar. OHperar vil své a
O pra ai r i n g h epaired huistoc.a
He was rep r.

mý va la n á d o ebí
d.i s h es. SUhm
e ydlida tnháeddoibsíh.
S U
he was d o i n g t h es.
 MINULÉ ČASY PRŮBĚHOVÉ

• jestliže dvě činnosti probíhaly v minulosti současně, po

určitou dobu a nezávisle na sobě.

em amw s
k a v a
c řoil
oakoi b
n ě
g d TShleunsíučnkw
o assvsíthiilno a ptá
Myojm
M um . ing ancdi
c se d ívyadl n
a a
d T
w Vas b i r ds w
zperíve asliin.gin
a o
lunch tea n d m g.
watching TV.
 MINULÉ ČASY PROSTÉ

• jestliže činnosti probíhaly v minulosti jedna po druhé.

js e m d o m ů,
P řiše l
d h e l loo P
She owčakitaelda fnoa autobus,
h o m e , s
m a i
a še l d
I cpaomzderavil js e
. naasedla a jelar the bus, got in
t t o mo y
k o r
jeo.o m nd went to hek babičce.
and wsevného p r grandma´s
.
 MINULÉ ČASY – PROSTÝ
A PRŮBĚHOVÝ

• jestliže jedna delší činnost byla přerušena jinou kratší.

m a k ii,nkgd d
y ži n n er, KW
dyhžilejsIem
vařw
kaum
Maymm ila vs e č e ř wasewvačtcehraindgíva
M
n l
s y
e dokuar. lansat T TVla
nohue
najedw n
p řs
išulad d
s e
o u niV
g,hut,sInfuellal ajselem
a m e . ep. .
n ei g h b o u r c
 MINULÉ ČASY
• průběhový tvar slovesa se nepoužívá s některými
STATIVNÍ SLOVESA

slovesy (v jakémkoli času).

• jsou to slovesa:
like want know believe
love need realise remember
hate prefer suppose depend

k i n g t h e w e a t h er, n ´ t b e l i ev i n g u s.
I wasn´t li t i n g to g o Th ey were
w as
a s n ´ t w a n ea l i s i n g i t
He w Y ou were r
home. too late.
Časové indikátory
PAST SIMPLE PAST CONTINUOUS
yesterday yesterday at 1 o´clock
last night this time last week
last week for 2 hours
a month ago from 5 to 6
a year ago while
when
 Dle časové osy a slov utvoř věty:

I/ study / for hours. I was studying for hours.

She / talk / with her friend. She was talking with her friend.
They / watch / TV. They were watching TV.
We / cook / at 7 o´clock. We were cooking at 7 o´clock.
He / play / PC games. He was playing PC games.
 Dle časové osy a slov utvoř věty:

He / not / learn. He didn´t learn.

I / see / the match. I saw the match.
She / buy / new shoes. She bought new shoes.
We / go / to school. We went to school.
They / come / late. They came late.
 Dle časové osy a slov utvoř věty:

I / watch TV / my brother / play cards

I was watching TV and my brother was playing cards.
Jane / do homework / her sister / call a friend
Jane was doing her homework and her sister was calling her friend.
Tom / read a book / Sue / write a letter
Tom was reading a book and Sue was writing a letter.
We / have a party / our friends / sleep
We were having a party and our friends were sleeping.
Teacher / talk / students / not listen
The teacher was talking but the students weren´t listening.
 Dle časové osy a slov utvoř věty:

He came home, said hi and went out.

He / come / say / go
She / see / stop She saw me and stopped.
Jane turned off the PC and went
Jane / turn off / go home.

My mum / come / ask My mum came to my room and

asked about my day.
We / hear / go / help We heard a scream, went out and
helped the people.
 Dle časové osy a slov utvoř věty:

Tom / walk / see Tom was walking home when he saw an

accident.
We / talk / come We were talking about her when she came.

They / sit / take a photo While they were sitting in a bar

he took a photo of them.
I / watch / arrive While I was watching a movie my friend
arrived.
He / go / start to rain He was going to work when it started
to rain.
Zdůvodni proč je ve větách daný čas:

While I was watching TV, my Dva děje, které probíhají

současně a nezávisle na sobě.
sister was reading a book.

We were having dinner when Delší činnost (večeře),

přerušena kratší.
she came home.

He sat down, opened a book Činnosti – krátké

a ukončené, ve sledu za sebou.
and started to read.

Yesterday at 5 o´clock I was Činnost probíhala kolem

určitého okamžiku
doing my homework. v minulosti.
Jaký čas použijeme v daných situacích?
Jeden dlouhý děj je přerušen kratším. Past continuous, past simple

Dva děje, které probíhaly zároveň

nezávisle na sobě. Past continuous

Několik dějů které proběhly po sobě.

Past simple

Děj v minulosti, který nebyl ukončen.

Past continuous
Děj v minulosti, kdy nám záleží na
výsledku.

Past simple
 MINULÉ ČASY
Doplň čas minulý prostý či průběhový ve správném tvaru:

We _____________
were having (have) dinner when she _____________came

(come) home.
While I _____________
was walking (walk) home I _____________
saw (see) an
accident.
What _____________
was he doing (he, do) when the bus _____________
broke down
(break down)?
He _____________
came (come) home, _____________
closed (close) the
door and _____________
sat (sit) down.
was doing
My mum _____________ (do) the dishes and my dad
_____________
was watching (watch) TV.
Jane _____________
broke (break) her leg when she _____________
was skiing (ski).
 MINULÉ ČASY
Doplň čas minulý prostý či průběhový ve správném tvaru:

While she _____________

was cooking were playing
(cook) lunch, her children _____________
(play).
Where _____________
were you going (you/go) when you _____________met (meet)
Kate?
I _____________
went (go) to my class, I _____________
wrote (write) a test
went
and then I _____________ (go) out with my friends.
What _____________
were they doing (they/do) yesterday at 10 o´clock?
When I _____________
came (come) from the party, my parents
were sleeping
_____________ (sleep).
She _____________
was living (live) in London for a year.
 OPRAV CHYBY VE VĚTÁCH
was
1, When she got to the station, he were waiting for her.
visited
2, On our holiday we were visiting New York. We saw the
Statue of Liberty and spent one evening in Central Park.
met
3, She was meeting her husband while she was working in
the USA.

4, While she was cooking lunch, her children were playing

cards. CORRECT

opened
5, He was opening his book and started to read.
 OPRAV CHYBY VE VĚTÁCH
opened
1, When I was opening the window it was raining.

2, The students were talking when the teacher came to the

class. CORRECT
was swimming
3, While Peter swam in the sea, Lucy was lying on the beach.

4, They noticed that somebody was watching them.

CORRECT
were
5, What was you doing when the accident happened?
came
6, My friend was coming to our house yesterday.
saw
7, I opened the door and was seeing a dog standing outside.
Popiš situaci pomocí minulého času prostého:

Možná slovesa:

open
see
hit

Možná odpověď:
 My mum opened the
door, saw a man
standing there and hit
him with the broom.
Popiš situaci pomocí minulého času
průběhového:
Možná slovesa:

hit
hide
scream

Možná odpověď:
 While the woman was
hitting the man, her
children were hiding
behind her and
screaming.
Popiš situaci pomocí minulého času
průběhového:
Možná slovesa:
phone
iron
feed
ring
run
Možná odpověď:
 The woman was ironing,
phoning and feeding the baby
and her dog and cat were
running around.
Zdroje:
 Časové osy: materiál autora
 Obrázek slide 21, 22. [cit. 2015-02-02]. Dostupný pod licencí
Public domain na WWW: <http://
www.clker.com/clipart-25154.html>
 Obrázek slide 23. [cit. 2015-02-02]. Dostupný pod licencí
Public domain na WWW: <http://
www.clker.com/clipart-2485.html>