UNDERSTANDING

SEXUAL
HARASSMENT

Reporter: Wines, Princes Jean D.

Sexual Harassment- it is an act or a series of acts involving any
unwelcome sexual advance, request of demand for a sexual behavior,
or other verbal or physical behavior of a sexual nature, committed by
a government employee or official in a work related, training or
educational related environment.

Example
Other examples

• Flirting
• Gesturing or making sexual remarks about someone's
body
• Asking questions about someone's sex life
• Telling sexually offensive jokes
• Making sexual comments or jokes about someone's
sexual orientation or gender reassignment
Numhuser – Henning and Laulom (2012)
-Harassment or sexual harassment are recognized as a form of
discrimination on the grounds of sex and, thus are contrary to
the principle of equal treatment between men and women.

International Labor Organization (2001)

-ILO defined sexual harassment as a sex based behavior that is
unwelcome and offensive to the recipient. Thus, sexual
harassment is not merely a problem of safety and health and
unacceptable working conditions, but also a form of violence
primarily against women.
Republic Act NO. 7877

-The anti-sexual harassment act of 1995 defines work, education or

training related sexual harassment is committed by a person who is
having authority, influence, or moral ascendancy over another in a
work or training or education environment, demands, request for
any sexual favor is accepted by the object of said act.
 THEORITICAL PERSPECTIVES OF SEXUAL
HARASSMENT
SEXUAL HARASSMENT cannot be understood from the
perspective of a single theory, but it's always a combination of
different predictors. Previous research have looked at sexual
harassment using a number of frameworks including
organizational approach, feminist theory, role theory, and
attribution models of sexual harassment.
Theory No. 1

Natural/Biological Theory
• According to this theory, men have stronger sex drives, and
therefore, biologically motivated to engage in sexual pursuit of
women. Thus, the harassing behavior is not meant to be offensive
of discriminatory, but is merely the result of biological urges. Its
assumptions include a natural, mutual attraction between men and
women, a stronger male sex drive, and men in the role of sexual
initiators.
Theory No. 2

Sex Role Spillover Theory

• This theory is based on the
proposition of irrelevant gender
based-role expectations that
individuals bring to the
workplace in guiding their
interactions with women. Men
based their traditional role in
our culture.
Theory No. 3

Organizational Theory
• Proponents of this theory propose that
one of the central concepts that helps
explain sexual harassment is power
(Cleveland and Kurst 1993). This
theory proposes that sexual
harassment results from opportunities
presented by power and authority
relations which derive hierarchal
structures organizations (Gruber
1992).
Theory No. 4

Socio Cultural Theory

• This theory examines the wider social and political context in which sexual
harassment is created and occurs. According to this perspective, sexual
harassment is a logical consequence of the gender inequality and sexism that
already exist in society ( Gutek 1985; Thomas and Kitzinger 1997).

• This theory asserts that women's lesser status in the larger society is reflected
at the workplace structures and cultural thus, male dominance continues to be
the rule.
Theory No. 5

Feminist Theory
• According to the feminist perspective, sexual harassment is linked
to the sexist male ideology of male dominance and male superiority
in society. Therefore, feminists theories view sexual harassment as
the product of a gender system maintained by a dominant,
normative form of masculinity..

• Thus sexual harassment exists because of the views of the women as

the interior sex but also sexual harassment serves to maintain the
already existing gender stratification by emphasizing sex role
expectations (Gutek 1985).
PHILIPPINE LAWS
ON SEXUAL
HARASSMENT
Anti-Sexual Harassment Act of 1995
-Is the governing law for work, education; or training sexual
harassment
-Specially , in a work-related or employment environment, sexual
harassment is committed when:
1.The sexual favor is made as a condition in the hiring or in the
employment, re-employment or continued employment said
individual favorable compensation, terms of conditions, promotions,
or privileges, or the refusal to grant the sexual favor results in
limiting, segregating or classifying the employee which in in any
way would discriminate, deprive, or diminish employment
opportunities or otherwise, adversely affect said employee.
2.The above acts would impair the employee's rights or
privileges under existing labor laws; or​

3.The above acts would result in an intimidating,

hostile, or offensive environment for the employee.
THANK YOU!