Objective 1.

02
Understand Numbering Systems

COMPUTER PROGRAMMING I
 Number Systems
2

Number systems we will talk about:

 Decimal (Base10)

 Binary (Base2)

 Hexadecimal (Base16)

Computer Programming I 05/22/2024

 Decimal
3

The number system we use in math and in life.

1 2 3 6 7
Base 10: ten one digit numbers: 8
0 9
 0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9 4 5

 After 9 comes 10
(the first two digit number) of course.

 102= 100
 Base squared = 100

Computer Programming I 05/22/2024

 Decimal
4
What can we say about the decimal system? It is our day to day number
system…
The Decimal system has 10 digits; values are from 0 to 9.
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
1 11 21 31 41 51 61 71 81 91 101
2 12 22 32 42 52 62 72 82 92 102
3 13 23 33 43 53 63 73 83 93 103
4 14 24 34 44 54 64 74 84 94 104
5 15 25 35 45 55 65 75 85 95 105
6 16 26 36 46 56 66 76 86 96 106
7 17 27 37 47 57 67 77 87 97 107
8 18 28 38 48 58 68 78 88 98 108
9 19 29 39 49 59 69 79 89 99 109
 Binary
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Binary is Base 2

2 one digit numbers

 0 and 1

For example: Base 10 of 4 = Binary 0100 or 100

102=100 – works in binary too! 2 squared = 4

Computer Programming I 05/22/2024

 Machine Language
6
Binary or Base2: Only contains 2 types of digits; 1 or 0.
The power of 2. Each digit from the right to the left is increased
by power of 2.
Each one (1) digit has a value representing on and each zero (0)
digit do not hold a value representing off.

OOOO OOOO
128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1

Ex: 0000 1001= The right most digit (1) = 1 (20)

The two middle digits are 0 therefore have no value.
The left most digit (1) = 8 (23 or 2x2x2). The other digits have
no value. The total value of all numbers would = 9. (8+0+0+1)
ex: 0000 1111 8+4+2+1 = 15 in decimal amount
1111 1111 128+64+32+16+8+4+2+1 = 255
 Why Binary?
7

Computers operate on a series on electric impulses.

If the current is flowing the circuit is complete (1),

otherwise the current is off (0)

Write down the powers of 2 from 0-128.

27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20
128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1

Computer Programming I 05/22/2024

 Powers of 2
8

Remember from math the powers of 2:

1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64, 128 (first 8)

Remember any number to the zero power is 1 and

any number to the 1 power is that number.

So if Decimal 4= 100 in binary, what does decimal 5

equal in binary?

Computer Programming I 05/22/2024

 Powers of 2
9

Remember from math the powers of 2:

1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64, 128 (first 8)

Remember any number to the zero power is 1 and

any number of the 1 power is that number.

So if Decimal 4= 1001 in0binary,

1 what does decimal 5
equal in binary? 22 21 20
 A: 101 4 2 1

Computer Programming I 05/22/2024

 The 1’s
10

So let’s go beyond our basic example.

Remember the most right digit has the least
significant value and the most left digit has the most
significant value.
What is 1111 1111 in Decimal?

That would be 255. So… 1 0000 0000 would be 256,

right? 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20
128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1
1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20
Computer Programming I 256 128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1 05/22/2024
 Let’s Try This…
11

On your paper draw 8 columns

Above each column label a power of 2, starting at 128

in the first (left most) column. Finish with 1 in the
last (right most) column.

27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20
128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1

Computer Programming I 05/22/2024

 Example Binary
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Figure out the following numbers in binary…

Decimal
56
100
198
27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20
64 128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1

18
84
231

Computer Programming I 05/22/2024

 Example Binary Answers
13

Figure out the following numbers in binary:

Dec Binary (Answer)
56  111000
100 1100100
198 1100110
64  1000000
18  10010
84  1010100
231 11100111

Computer Programming I 05/22/2024

 Hexadecimal
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Hex is Base 16

There are sixteen one digit numbers:

 0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,A,B,C,D,E,F

What comes after F?

Remember our rule: 102=100 (162=256 in decimal)

 This works in Hex as it does for ANY number system.

Computer Programming I 05/22/2024

 Hexadecimal
15
Contains 16 digits starting with 0-9 & A-F containing the values from 0 – 15.
Hex Dec Hex Dec -Hex 20-2F and so on…
0 = 0 10 = 16 -Each digit carries a value of 16.
1 = 1 11 = 17 -Hex = 6 + Decimal = 10 (Hexadecimal
=16)
2 = 2 12 = 18 -Hexadecimal is only 4 bits (binary value)
3 = 3 13 = 19 -ex: 1111 = 15 in decimal “F” in Hex value
4 = 4 14 = 20 -Another ex: 1001 1100 = 9C in Hex and
5 = 5 15 = 21 -156 in Decimal value.
6 = 6 16 = 22
7 = 7 17 = 23
8 = 8 18 = 24
9 = 9 19 = 25 Remember! Hex is only 4 bits long and its
A = 10 1A = 26 highest value is F in Hex or
B = 11 1B = 27 15 in decimal or 1111 in binary.
C = 12 1C = 28
D = 13 1D = 29 Mainframe computers use Hexadecimal to
E = 14 1E = 30 utilize less disk space.
F = 15 1F = 31
 Hexadecimal Conversion
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Hex 9F to binary
9 F
1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 9F Base 16 =
23
8
22
4
21
2
20
1
23
8
22
4
21
2
20
1
1001 1111 Base 2

Hex 9F to Decimal
9 F 9F Base 16 =
161 160 159 Base 10
16 16
(16 * 9) + (1 * 15) = 159 in Decimal Add the values…

Computer Programming I
 Hexadecimal
17

Think if you had 3 hands. You would have 15 fingers

right?
That is what hex has!

So after 9 comes A (10), B (11), C (12), D (13), E (14)

and F (15)
Let try our example again in Hex.

Computer Programming I 05/22/2024

 Another Conversion to Hexadecimal
18

Figure out the following Decimal numbers to Hex:

Decimal
3 8
56
162 161 160
100 256 16 1
198
1. Ask “How many of ‘256’ can come out of 56 (our
64 decimal number)?
0
18 2. Ask “How many of ‘16’ can come out of 56?
3 (3 * 16 = 48 with 8 left over)
128 Put the 3 in the 16’s spot
231 3. Ask “How many of ‘1’ can come out of 8 (the left
over)?
8 with 0 left over

Computer Programming I 05/22/2024

 Example Hex Answers
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Figure out the following Decimal numbers to Hex:

Dec Hex
56  38
100 64
198 C6
64  40
18  12
128 80
256 100

Computer Programming I 05/22/2024

 Conclusion
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In this lesson we learned about number systems

used in Programming.

Decimal
Binary
Hexadecimal

Computer Programming I 05/22/2024

 For More Information
24

http://software2i.com/viewthread.php?tid=56509&
extra=page%253D1&page=1

http://www.tpub.com/neets/book13/53e.htm

http://www.plcs.net/chapters/number23.htm