History of Tourism

Early Tourism
 Travel and exploration are basic to human nature.
 Man has traveled since the earliest times although the term tourism was used
only in the 19th century.
 Tourism is derived from the Hebrew word torah which means studying, learning
and searching.
 NOAH AND HIS ARK must have been the first large-scale operator even
though his passengers were mostly animals, which is based on the Old
Testament.
 EARLY TOURISM HAS TWO FORMS; travel for business such as trading;
and religious travel.
 Merchants have traveled extensively in order to trade with other nations and
tribes.
 The invention of money, writing and wheel by the Sumerians facilitated travel
 The early Phoenicians toured the Mediterranean as
traders.
 Both the Greeks and the Romans were well-known
traders and as their respective empires increased,
travel became necessary.
 AT THIS TIME, there was also travel for private
purposes. Examples are, the Olympic Games held in
776 BCE by the Greeks as well as the travel of the
rich Romans for ENJOYMENT and TO VISIT
FRIENDS AND RELATIVES.
 • TRAVEL FOR RELIGIOUS REASONS
took the form of pilgrimages to places of
worship.
Continuation • Pilgrimages were made to fulfill a vow as
… in case of illness or of great danger or as
penance for sins.
• Besides Rome and Jerusalem, St. James of
Galicia was the foremost destination of
English pilgrims in the 14th century.
• BEGINNING IN 1388, ENGLISH
PILGRIMS were required to obtain and
carry permits, the forerunner of the modern
passport.
  During the Medieval period, travel declined.
TOURISM IN  Travel, derived from the word travail, became
MEDIEVAL burdensome, dangerous and demanding during this
time.
PERIOD  After the decline of the Roman Empire in the 5th
(Middle Ages, century, roads were not maintained, and they
became unsafe.
last from the  Thieves inflicted harm for those who dared to travel.
5th to the 15  No one during this time traveled for pleasure.
century)  Crusaders and pilgrims were the only ones who
traveled.
TOURISM DURING RENAISSANCE
AND ELIZABETHAN ERAS (PERIOD
IN EUROPE between 14th and 17th
centuries)
 A few renowned (famous) universities developed so that the travel for
education was introduced largely by the British.
 TRAVEL FOR EDUCATION became popular in the 16th century.
 Under the Elizabeth I, young men seeks positions in court were encouraged
to travel to the continent to widen their education. The practice was
gradually adopted by others in the lower social scale.
 While apparently educational, the appeal became social.
 Pleasure-seeking young men traveled predominantly through France and
Italy to enjoy the life of Europe, with Venice, Florence and Paris as the key
attractions.
 As young men sought intellectual improvement in the continent, the sick
sought remedy for their illnesses in “spas” or medicinal baths.
 The term “spa” is derived from the Walloon word espa means “fountain”.
 TUNBRIDGE WELLS IN KENT (near London) became famous as a spa in
the 1660s.
 Travelers immersed themselves in the healing waters.
 Soon, entertainment was added and dozens of watering places became resort
hotels. Such as, Bath in England, Baden-baden in Germany, Baden in
Australia, Bainesles in France, Lucca in Italy and Karlsbad and Marienbad
 TOURISM DURING THE
INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION
(1760-1870)

 The time when manufacturing of goods moved from small shops

and homes to large factories.
 The Industrial Revolution brought about major changes in the scale
and the type of tourism development.
 It brought about only technological changes, but also essential
social change that made travel desirable as a recreational activity.
 The increase in productivity, regular employment and growing
urbanization gave more people the motivation and opportunity to
go on holiday.
 The escape from their responsibilities and the crowded city
environment, they traveled to the countryside or seashore for their
holidays.
MODERN
TOURISM
 A. Tourism in the 19th century (Jan 01,
1801- December 31, 1900.)

 Two technological developments in the early part of the 19th century had a great effect on the growth of tourism.
 These were the INTRODUCTION OF THE RAILWAY AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF STEAM POWER.
 The railroads created not only more business by providing reliable and cheap transportation, but also more completion as various private
companies invested heavily in hotels, resorts and entertainment facilities.
 Thus, tourism was transformed from small business catering to the elite into the start of mass market that is, travel by a large number of
individuals.
 The use of steam power provided the increased mobility needed by the tourism business.

 Steamers on the major rivers provided reliable and inexpensive transportation that led to the popular day-trip cruises and the growth of
coastal resorts near large industrial towns.
 As tourism became organized in the later years of the 19th
century, the organization of travel became an established
institution.
 Travel organizers emerged.
 THE FIRST AND MOST FAMOUS OF THIS WAS THOMAS
COOK. His first excursion train trip was between Leicester and
Loughborough (near London) in 1841 with 570 passengers at a
road trip fare of one shilling.
 The success of this ventured encouraged him to arrange similar
excursions using chartered trains.
 In 1866, he organized his first American tour.
 Other tour companies, which appeared in Britain at this time
were DEAN AND DAWSON IN 1871, THE POLYTECHNIC
TOURING ASSOCIATION IN 1872 AND THE FRAMES IN 1881.
 IN THE UNITED STATES, AMERICAN EXPRESS WAS
FOUNDED BY HENRY WELLS AND WILLIAM FARGO.
 As the 19th century drew to a close, photography and guide
books became popular.
 A huge variety of guide books which dealt with local and
overseas travel were sold to tourists.
 The most popular of these was Baedecker, first published in
1839, which became the leading guide for European countries at
the end of the century.
 B. Tourism in the 20th Century
(Jan 1, 1901-December 31, 2000)
 At the beginning of 20th century, pleasure travel continued to expand, encouraged
by the increasing wealth, curiosity and outgoing attitudes of the people as well as
increasing ease of such movement.
 WORLD WAR I (July 28, 1914- November 11, 1918) brought about many changes,
which influenced the volume of tourism.
 New forms of mass communication stimulated curiosity about other countries.
 In addition, to the influence of posters and the press, the cinema, radio and
television widened knowledge and interest in travel.
 AFTER THE WORLD WAR I, forms of travel began to change radically.
 The railways as a means of travel declined with the introduction of the motor car.
 Motorized public road transport and improved road conditions led to the
popularity of seaside tours.
 WORLD WAR II (September 1, 1939- Sep 2, 1945) also led to increased interest
in travel.
 The war had introduced combatants not only to new countries, but also to new
continents, generating new friendships and an interest in different cultures.
 Another outcome of the war was the progress in aircraft technology.
 B. Tourism in the 20th Century
(Jan 1, 1901-December 31, 2000)
 Air travel become more comfortable, safer, faster and cheaper in
comparison with other forms of transport.
 With the introduction of the Boeing 707 jets in 1958 flew on
December 20, 1957, the age of air travel for the masses arrived,
hastening decline of sea travel.
 Improvements in air transport not only encouraged greater
transcontinental travel in the 1960s and 1970s.
 The earth literally shrank for the tourist, bringing distant exotic
islands closer and replacing week-long sea voyages with a few
hours of air travel.
 AFTER THE POST-WAR RECOVERY YEARS, there was an
increase in private car ownership.
 Travelers switched to the use of private cars and this change
affected both coach and rail services.
 B. Tourism in the 20th Century
(Jan 1, 1901-December 31, 2000)
 It encouraged the growth of excursions and short-stay
holidays.
 Resorts near major centers of population benefited
considerably.
 Road improvements brought more distant resorts closer to
the major cities.
 The resourceful tour operators devised flexible packages
aimed at the private motorist at home and abroad.
 Hotels also devised their own programs of short-stay
holidays for the private motorist.
 The demand for hired cars on holidays overseas also
increased substantially.
 B. Tourism in the 20th Century
(Jan 1, 1901-December 31, 2000)
 The annual overseas holiday had become a necessity rather than
luxury.
 Europe, as well as the developing tourist-based economies of
Asia have benefited from this influx.
 The Philippines, Thailand, Singapore, Malaysia and Indonesia
have strengthened their tourist attractions to appeal to new
markets.
 Prospects for the continued growth of world tourism in the 20 th
century appear to be most promising.
 Governments of many nations are encouraging the growth of
both domestic and international tourism as a means of job
creation, economic diversification and source of foreign
exchange.
 Beyond the economic significance, there is a growing realization
of the role of international travel in promoting world peace and
prosperity.