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Knockhardy Green Chem
Knockhardy Green Chem
CHEMISTRY
KNOCKHARDY PUBLISHING
2015
SPECIFICATIONS
KNOCKHARDY PUBLISHING
GREEN CHEMISTRY
INTRODUCTION
This Powerpoint show is one of several produced to help students
understand selected topics at AS and A2 level Chemistry. It is based on the
requirements of the AQA and OCR specifications but is suitable for other
examination boards.
Individual students may use the material at home for revision purposes or it
may be used for classroom teaching with an interactive white board.
Accompanying notes on this, and the full range of AS and A2 topics, are
available from the KNOCKHARDY SCIENCE WEBSITE at...
www.knockhardy.org.uk/sci.htm
Why do it? • world resources are running out and are non-renewable
• we need to reduce the waste of valuable resources
• reduces the expense of disposal
• reduces expense of making things from raw materials
• avoids environmental problems posed by waste
- landfill sites
- greenhouse gases (mainly methane)
- destroying habitats
- de-forestation leading to climate change and
the destruction of ecosystems
RENEWABLE RESOURCES AND ENERGY
RENEWABLE RESOURCES AND ENERGY
Renewable
resources • can be replenished by natural processes
Renewable
resources • can be replenished by natural processes
Renewable
energy • plant-based substances such as wood
• solar energy
• tidal energy
• biomass
• hydro-electric power (HEP)
• wind power
GREEN CHEMISTRY – EXAMPLES
CFC’s
Apparent benefits were offset by unexpected side effects.
GREEN CHEMISTRY – EXAMPLES
CFC’s
Apparent benefits were offset by unexpected side effects.
CFC’s
Apparent benefits were offset by unexpected side effects.
BAD • UV light in the upper atmosphere easily breaks the C-Cl bonds
• free radicals formed speeded up the depletion of the ozone layer
GREEN CHEMISTRY – EXAMPLES
CFC’s
Apparent benefits were offset by unexpected side effects.
BAD • UV light in the upper atmosphere easily breaks the C-Cl bonds
• free radicals formed speeded up the depletion of the ozone layer
Overall, chlorine radicals are not used up so a small amount of CFC's can
destroy thousands of ozone molecules before the termination stage.
GREEN CHEMISTRY – EXAMPLES
CFC’s
Apparent benefits were offset by unexpected side effects.
BAD • UV light in the upper atmosphere easily breaks the C-Cl bonds
• free radicals formed speeded up the depletion of the ozone layer
Overall, chlorine radicals are not used up so a small amount of CFC's can
destroy thousands of ozone molecules before the termination stage.
GREEN CHEMISTRY – EXAMPLES
BIOFUELS
• fuels made from a living things or the waste produced by them
• renewable and potentially carbon neutral.
GREEN CHEMISTRY – EXAMPLES
BIOFUELS
• fuels made from a living things or the waste produced by them
• renewable and potentially carbon neutral.
Carbon neutral refers to “an activity that has no net annual carbon
(greenhouse gas) emissions to the atmosphere”. Ethanol is a biofuel.
GREEN CHEMISTRY – EXAMPLES
BIOFUELS
• fuels made from a living things or the waste produced by them
• renewable and potentially carbon neutral.
Carbon neutral refers to “an activity that has no net annual carbon
(greenhouse gas) emissions to the atmosphere”. Ethanol is a biofuel.
ETHANOL
GOOD
GREEN CHEMISTRY – EXAMPLES
BIOFUELS
• fuels made from a living things or the waste produced by them
• renewable and potentially carbon neutral.
Carbon neutral refers to “an activity that has no net annual carbon
(greenhouse gas) emissions to the atmosphere”. Ethanol is a biofuel.
ETHANOL
BIOFUELS
• fuels made from a living things or the waste produced by them
• renewable and potentially carbon neutral.
Carbon neutral refers to “an activity that has no net annual carbon
(greenhouse gas) emissions to the atmosphere”. Ethanol is a biofuel.
ETHANOL
BAD
GREEN CHEMISTRY – EXAMPLES
BIOFUELS
• fuels made from a living things or the waste produced by them
• renewable and potentially carbon neutral.
Carbon neutral refers to “an activity that has no net annual carbon
(greenhouse gas) emissions to the atmosphere”. Ethanol is a biofuel.
ETHANOL
GOOD
GREEN CHEMISTRY – EXAMPLES
BAD
GREEN CHEMISTRY – EXAMPLES
CATALYSTS
• can be used to lower the energy required for a reaction to take place
• can reduce the CO2 emissions from burning of fossil fuels
• can give a better atom economy
INTERNATIONAL CO-OPERATION
But... Many experts say that the protocol is futile without US support as
they are the world’s largest emitter of greenhouse gases.