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LEARN not to BURN

KNOW FIRE NO FIRE

Prepared by: Torpedo Fire Safety School 3

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 TRIANGLE OF FIRE
or
COMPOSITION OF FIRE
or
ELEMENTS OF FIRE

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 What is Fire

• Fire is a chemical reaction between fuel and oxygen at

ignition temperature of the fuel

• Fire is a rapid oxidation of fuel and it is exothermic in nature

• Burning of fire is a self sustained process due to chemical

chain reaction

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 CHEMISTRY OF FIRE
by heat

Fuel Ignition temp. Decomposed Oxidized

Vaporized Flame/ Fire

• Fire produces are flame, heat, smoke and toxic gases

• All these depend on chemical composition of fuel

• Color of flame and shape of smoke are different 7

 PRODUCTS OF FIRE
Two major types of fire products are as thermal and non thermal

• Thermal products
• Heat
• Flame

• Non thermal
• smoke
• Toxic gases

• All these depend on chemical composition of fuel

• Color of flame and shape of smoke are different

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ELEMENTS OF FIRE

In presence of chemical chain reaction 9

it is called fire tetrahedron
 ELEMENTS OF FIRE

1. Fuel

2. Heat

3. Oxygen

4. Chain reaction

This is called fire tetrahedron

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 ELEMENTS OF FIRE
• If fire triangle is not completed fire will not occur

• Fuel is essential for business processes at workplace

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• We can not bring oxygen below 16% at work place normally

• The only thing which we can control is attaining of ignition

temperature of fuel
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 FUEL
• A substance which burns in fire is called fuel

• It can be found in any state of matter as solid, liquid and gas

• It is a source of energy

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First element
FUEL

SOLID LIQUID GAS

General Flammable liquids Combustible

combustible solids gases

1. Wood 1. Petrol 1. Methane

2. Cloth 2. Diesel 2. Ethane
3. Paper 3. Paint 3. Butane
4. Hay 4. Oils 4. Propane
5. Plastic 5. Kerosene oil 5. Acetylene
6. Coal 6. Sprit 6. Hydrogen

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CATEGORIES OF FUEL
TENDER FUEL
• Very small pieces of cloth, wood chips, shredded paper, dry
leaves, fumes which can burn rapidly
• Must dispose off as early as possible

KENDLING FUEL
Thicker than tender, need tender fuel to burn

BULK FUEL
In its thickest form as tree trunk, need more heat to burn

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 Second Element OXYGEN
• Oxygen is essential for fire to take place and sustain

• 16 % oxygen is required for combustion to take place

• 21 % oxygen is available in general environment

• Presence of 9 to14 % oxygen is declared smoldering zone

• Presence of up to 6 % oxygen is declared safe zone

• Oxygen % required for human breathing is 19.5 %

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 Third Element HEAT
• Rise in temperature brings the fuel to its ignition temperature

• Fuel burns when it reaches to its ignition temperature

• Different types of fuel has different ignition temperature

• Heat rises the temperature of the fuel

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 Third Element HEAT
Common sources of heat are :
• Sun light
• Open flame (candle, stove, match)
• Hot iron
• Heater
• Hot work (welding/gas cutting/grinding)
• Electric short circuit
• Compression of gases
Try to manage temperature at your work place below the
ignition temperature of fuels

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CONCLUSION

AND

Q and A

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THANK YOU

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