NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

DELHI

Mechanical Department
TOPIC- 3 SPEED GEAR
BOX TO – DR.ABHSIHEK MISHRA
SUBMITTED
Guide – Dr. Leelahar Nagdeve

Team members:
1. Aditya Singh - 04
2. Sahil Girhepuje - 23
3. Harish Godara - 24
4. Utpal Mishra - 51
 INDEX

• INTRODUCTION
• DEFINITON
• PURPOSE
• PROJECT : INTRODUCTION
• WORKING OF OUR PROJECT
• PRINCIPLE
• TYPES
• USE
• ADVANTAGES
• DISADVANTAGES
• WAYS TO IMPROVE EFFICIENCY AND PERFORMANCE
• REFERENCES
 INTRODUCTION
The gear box is necessary in the transmission
system to maintain engine speed (or torque) at
the most economical value under all conditions
of vehicle movement.
An ideal gear box would provide an infinite
range of gear ratios, so that the engine speed
should be kept at or near that the maximum
power is developed whatever the speed of the
vehicle.
 DEFINITION

Gearboxes or also commonly called gear reducers or enclosed speed

reducers are used on many electromechanical drive systems.
Gearboxes, are essentially multiple open gear sets contained in a
housing.

The housing supports bearings and shafts, holds in lubricants, and

protects the components from surrounding conditions.
Gearboxes are available in a wide range of load capacities and speed
ratios.
 PURPOSE

The purpose of a gearbox is to increase or reduce speed. As a

result, torque output will be the inverse of the speed function.
If the enclosed drive is a speed reducer (speed output is less
than speed input), the torque output will increase; if the drive
increases speed, the torque output will decrease.
Gearbox designs are classified as either bevel designs, where
gears are perpendicular to each other, or spur designs, where
two gears rotate parallel to each other.
 PROJECT : INTRODUCTION

The 3 Speed Gearbox presents the mechanism of a gearbox. Gears of

various dimensions are placed along the x and y axis. A motor rotates
the central shaft and different arrangements that can be made in the
project causes the rotational motion to transfer from one axis to other.
The project is mainly made from cardboard , metal pipe, and ball
bearings.

Components
 Gears
 Couplers
 Ball Bearings
 DC Motor
 Shafts
 Clamps & Mounts
 Base Frame
 Supporting Frame
 Working of our project.
1. Power from the engine is supplied to the clutch shaft.

2. The clutch shaft is connected with the clutch gear, which is always
meshed with the gears on the layshaft. The gears on the layshaft are
rigidly fixed to the shaft.

3. The gears on the main shaft can move along the spline, but are
otherwise in permanent rotational mesh with the shaft.

4. When the gear lever is shifted, the selector fork moves the gear and
moves the perfect mesh with the required gear in the layshaft.

Note –
Sliding mesh gearboxes have several advantages over constant mesh
gearboxes, including reduced vibration and noise. This is because only
one gear is engaged at a time, so there are fewer fluctuating loads on the
shaft.
 PRINCIPLE

The principle of a gearbox is to transmit power from the engine to the

wheels while allowing the driver to control the vehicle's speed and
torque.

It achieves this by using different-sized gears to change the ratio

between engine speed (RPM) and wheel speed.

Lower gears provide more torque for acceleration, while higher gears
offer greater speed at the expense of torque.
TYPES OF MANUAL GEAR BOX

1)Sliding 2)Constant 3)Synchro

Mesh type Mesh type Mesh type
gear box gear box gear box
 SLIDING MESH TYPE GEAR
BOX

•In a sliding mesh gearbox, gears

are engaged by sliding them into
position, requiring synchronization
during gear shifts.

• While simpler in construction,

this gearbox may produce more
noticeable gear shifting noise and
necessitates greater driver skill for
smooth shifting.
 CONSTANT MESH TYPE GEAR BOX

A constant mesh gearbox is a

type of manual transmission used
in vehicles.

It features gears that are

constantly engaged with one
another, allowing for smoother
shifting and efficient power
transfer.

Each gear pair remains in

constant contact, eliminating the
need for synchronization during
shifts.
Working of Constant Mesh Gear BOX
SYNCHROMESH TYPE GEAR BOX
•A synchromesh gearbox is a
sophisticated and widely used manual
transmission system in modern vehicles
that allows for seamless and efficient
gear shifting.
•This ingenious engineering marvel
enhances the driving experience by
synchronizing the rotational speeds of
the gear wheels before engagement,
reducing gear clash and wear on the
transmission components.
•As a result, drivers can smoothly
transition between gears, ensuring
optimal power delivery to the wheels.
 Gear Ratio Calculations
Gear ratio calculation involves determining the ratio of the
rotational speeds or torques between two intermeshing gears.

It helps in understanding the relationship between the sizes and

number of teeth on the gears, allowing engineers to design
systems with desired speed or torque requirements

Gear Ratio Formula

I = ω1/ω2 =Z1/Z2=d2/d1
 Gear ratio and Torque

According to the law of gears, the ratio of input torque to output

torque is also constant is equal to the gear ratio. If input torque is
known we can multiply it with gear ratio and calculate Output torque
 USE
1.Speed. Different sized gears can be used to efficiently change the speed of a system. Large gears
with many teeth, when interlocking with small gears with few teeth, have to spin fewer times to
keep up with the total motion of the machine. The smaller gears have to spin faster, giving you a
way to increase rotational speed.

2.Force. In a similar setup, you can use gears to increase the force of a system; that extra speed
doesn’t appear out of nowhere. Turning the small gear fast will make the larger gear turn slower,
but with much more force. This is useful for applications that deal with extra weight or pressure.

3.Rotation direction. Gears are also useful for changing the direction of rotational motion. Spur
gears can reverse direction, worm gears change rotation al direction by 90 degrees, and bevel
gears can transmit motion around corners.

4.Movement. Rack and pinion gears are sometimes used for direct movement within a machine.
These use a gear wheel (pinion) to mesh with a ridged bar-shaped gear (rack), which is sometimes
fixed in place. This can be used to climb hills (such as with roller coasters or trains), or even to
steer your vehicle.
 Advantages:
1.Torque multiplication: Gearboxes can increase the torque output
of a motor or engine. This is achieved by reducing the rotational
speed of the motor or engine and increasing the torque at the output
shaft.

2.Speed reduction: Gearboxes can be used to reduce the speed of a

motor or engine. This is useful in applications where high speeds are
not necessary, such as in heavy machinery.

3.Versatility: Gearboxes are versatile and can be used in a wide

range of applications. They can be customized to suit specific
requirements and can be used in both high and low-power
applications
 Disadvantages:
1.Cost: Gearboxes can be expensive, especially if they are custom-built for
a specific application. The cost of a gearbox will depend on its size,
complexity, and the materials used.

2.Maintenance: Gearboxes require regular maintenance to ensure that they

continue to function correctly. This can involve lubrication, inspection, and
repairs, which can be time-consuming and costly.

3.Noise: Gearboxes can produce a lot of noise, especially at high speeds.

This can be a problem in applications where noise levels need to be kept to
a minimum.

4.Efficiency: Gearboxes are not 100% efficient, which means that some of
the power input is lost due to friction and other factors. This can result in a
reduction in overall efficiency, which can be a problem in high-power
applications.
 Ways to Improve Gearbox Efficiency and
Performance

Here are some important tips that help improve the gearbox’s efficiency and
performance. So, let’s take a look at it.

•Lubrication: This is one of the most important factors that help improve
gearbox efficiency and performance. Gearbox lubrication serves several
purposes, including reducing friction, preventing wear, and dissipating heat.
Lack of lubrication or using the wrong lubricant can lead to premature wear
and even failure. Regular lubrication must be carried out as per the
manufacturers’ recommendation.

•Alignment: If the gearbox is not correctly aligned with the motor, it can
cause excessive wear and noise. Misalignment can also result in increased
heat generation, leading to premature failure. Proper alignment can be
achieved using shims, dial indicators, or laser alignment tools.
•Load Management: Another critical factor in gearbox performance is load
management. The load on the gearbox should be carefully monitored and controlled
to perform operations efficiently. Overloading the gearbox can cause premature
wear, overheating, and damage to the gears. Conversely, under-loading can cause
the gears to slip, reducing the transmission efficiency. Proper load management
ensures the gearbox is not subjected to loads that are underutilized or beyond
capacity.

•Maintenance: Periodic maintenance is essential to increase gearbox efficiency

and performance. Routine inspections and maintenance can help identify potential
problems before they cause major failures. Regular maintenance includes checking
the lubricant levels and quality, inspecting the gears and bearings for wear, and
checking the alignment.

•Upgrades: In some cases, upgrading the gearbox can improve efficiency and
performance. This includes changing the gear ratios, upgrading the bearings or
seals, or improving the lubrication system. Upgrades involve investment, but they
provide significant benefits regarding high efficiency and performance.
 References:

1. Wikipedia.com
2. howstuffworks.com
3. mechanicalmodels.com
4. carbiketech.com
5. youtube.com
 THANK YOU

Team members:
1. ADITYA SINGH – 04
2. SAHIL GIRHEPUJE – 23
3. HARISH GODARA – 24
4. UTPAL MISHRA - 52