Assalamoalaikum

by
Dr. Tahreem Memon
GAIT
GAIT
series of rythemical, alternating
movements of the trunk and limbs which
results in the forward progression of the
COG and ody.
GAIT CYCLE
The gait cycle is the sequence of motions
occuring between two consecutive initial contacts of
the same foot.
For example:
if heel strike is the initial contact, the gait
cycle for the right leg is from one heel strike to the
next heel strike on the same foot.
The gait cycle comsist of two phases for each
foot:
1) Stance phase-(60-65%)
2) Swing phase-(35-40%)
Gait cycle
STANCE PHASE
The stance phase of gait occurs when the
foot is on the ground and bearing weight.
SWING PHASE
The swing phase of the gait occurs when
the foot is not bearing weight and is
moving forward.
SUBPHASES OF STANCE PHASE
Initial
contact-(Heel strike)
Load response-(Flat foot)
Midstance-(single leg stance)
Terminal stance-(heel off)
Pre swing-(toe off)
SUBPHASES OF SWING
PHASE
Initial
swing-(acceleration)
Mid swing
Terminal swing-(deceleration)
STANCE
INITIAL CONTACT:
Weight acceptance period.
10% of stance phase.
One foot is coming of the floor while the
other is accepting body weight and absorb
the shock of initial contact.
Double leg stance.
STANCE
LOAD RESPONSE AND MIDSTANCE:
40% of stance phase.
Single leg stance.
One leg carries the body weight while the
other leg goes through its swing phase.
STANCE
TERMINAL STANCE AND PRE SWING:
10% of body weight.
Weight umloading period.
Stance leg unloaded and preparing leg for
swing phase, while the contralateral limb
bears the weight.
Double support or double leg stance.
Shows weight distribution from heel
strike to toe off (stance)
SWING
ACCELERATION:
Occurs when the foot is lifted off the floor.

MID SWING:
Occurs when the swing leg is adjacent to the
weight bearing leg which is in midstance.
TERMINAL SWING:
The swing leg slows down in preparation for
for initial contact with the floor
NORMAL PARAMETERS OF GAIT
BASE WIDTH/ STEP WIDTH
The distance between the two feet.
Normal base width is 5-10cm
If the base is wider  indicates pathology
as:
Cerebellar or inner ear problem that results in
poor balance.
Musculoskeletal problems as: tight hip
abductors.
STEP LENGTH/ GAIT
LENGTH
The distance between contact points of opposite
feet.
 Normal step length is about 72cm.
 Step length is commonly related to the walking speed.
 It varies with age and sex as:

children take small steps than adults.

female takes small steps than male.
 Height also has an effect as taler person take larger
steps.
 Step length tends to decrease with age, pain and
fatigue.
Step length
STRIDE LENGTH
The linear distance between points of
floor to floor contact of the same foot.
The stride length is normally
about:144cm
In reality it is one gait cycle.
The stride length decreases with age,
pain, fatigue and disease.
Stride length
NORMAL CADENCE
cadence is number of steps taken per
minute.
Normal cadence is between 90 and 20
steps/min.
It get varies by the height of an
individual.
As age increases the cadence decreases.
THANKYOU