FOREST TYPES OF PAKISTAN

WITH RESPECT TO SOIL

CONSERVATION
1.Environmental Profile
2.Forest Types of Pakistan
• Alpine scrub
• Sub alpine forest
• Himalayan dried temperate forests
• Himalayan moist temperate forests
• Subtropical pine forests
• Subtropical broad-leave evergreen forests
• Tropical thorn forests
• Tropical dry deciduous forests
• Littoral and Swamp forests
3. FOREST TYPES
OF
PAKISTAN
A. Sub-alpine Forest
a. Distribution Altitude: 3350 – 3800 m
Dir, Swat, Chitral, Hazara, Northern Areas and Azad
Kashmir
b. Species Fir, Kail, Willow, Betula
B. Dry Temperate Forest Altitude: 1525 – 3350 m
a. Distribution Inner mountain ranges of Chitral, Nilam
and Kaghan valleys, Takht-e-Suleman,
Shingar, Ziarat, Northern Areas.
b. Tree species Deodar, Chalghoza, Juniper, Kail,
Spruce, Oak, Ash, Acer.
Juniper Forest
C. Moist Temperate Forest
a. Distribution Altitude: 1373-3050 m
Murree, Galies, Kaghan, Azad Kashmir

b. Tree species Kail, Deodar, Fir, Spruce, Oak, Bankhor, Ulmus, Ash and
many medicinal plants species.
D. Sub-tropical Pine Forest
a. Distribution Altitude: 925 – 1675 m
Hazara, Murree, Azad Kashmir

b. Tree Species Chir, Oak, Kangar, Ficus species

E. Sub-tropical Broad-leaved Forest
a. Distribution Foot-hills and lower slopes of Himalayas, Salt
Range, Kala Chitta, Suleman Range.

b. Tree species Kahu, Phulai, Sanatha, Ber

F. Tropical Thorn Forest
a. Distribution Whole of Indus plain

b. Tree species Acacias, Jand, Farash, Ber, Lahura, Karir

G. Irrigated Plantations
a. Distribution Plains of Punjab and Sindh

b. Tree species Shisham, Mulberry, Simal, Kikar, Bakain, Poplar, Willows,

Eucalyptus.
H. Riverain Forest
a. Distribution Flood plains and banks of the major rivers

b. Tree species Shisham, Kikar, Jand, Farash, Bhan

I. Mangrove Forest
a. Distribution Indus deltaic swamps on the coast of Karachi

b. Tree species Timur, Kamri, Kirriri

J. Linear Plantations
a. Distribution Along roads, canals and railways tracks. All over
the country

b. Tree species Shisham, Kikar, Eucalyptus, Siris, Bakain, Farash,

Toot,
4. Forests are a renewable natural
resource
5. Soil, Water and Forests relationship
6. Soil Conservation
7. Causes of Erosion
8. Main categories of Forests on the
basis of causes of erosions
a. Mountain Forests
b. Forests in Coastal and Plain areas
 9. Soil Conservation on mountain
slopes

Hydric Erosion
Control of Surface Erosion
– Under Forest Cover
– In the Range land areas
Control of Gulley Erosion
Control of Channel Erosion
Control of Mass Erosion
Biotechnical Techniques for slope stabilization
– Brushmattres construction
– Hand-dug sod slabs
– Hydroseeding
– Mulch seeding
– Gully Erosion Control
– Check-dams
– Land slides stabilization
10. Soil Conservation Measures in
Deserts and Coastal Areas

• Spreading covers on moving sand

• Spraying used mobil oil on sand
• Wind-breaks
• Shelter belts
• Planting creepers, grasses, shrubs and
trees