BRIDGING THE FUNDAMENTALS OF

AYURVEDA
&
MODERN MEDICINE

PRESENTED BY
AARATHI HARIHARAN
1st Year P.G. Scholar ,Dept. of Ayurveda Samhita& Siddhanta
S.V. Ayurveda College , Tirupati

UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF

Dr K.VENKAT SIVUDU (MD.Ayu) - Guide
Dr GOPALA KRISHNAIAH (MD.Ayu) - Co-Guide
SAAMANYA VISHESHA SIDDHANTA
AN INTER DISCIPLINARY VIEW
 CONTENTS

• INTRODUCTION
• LITERARY REVIEW OF
SAAMANYA - VISHESHA
• APPLIED ASPECTS
• INTER DISCIPLINARY APPROACH
• CASE STUDY
• DISCUSSIONS
• MODERN VIEWS
• CONCLUSION
 INTRODUCTION

Objective of Ayurveda
SWASTHASYA SWASTHYA RAKSHANA
D
AATURASYA VIKARA PRASAMANA O
ROGA : Disequilibrium of Doshas/Dhatus( Dosha vaishamya)
AROGYA: Equilibrium of Doshas/Dhatus(Dosha samya)
S
Rogasthu dosha vaishamyam, doshasamyamarogata.(A.H.Soo.1/19)
BAS
H
DOSHA VAISHAMYA IC
A
VRIDHI - Vishesha sidhanta
ELE D
M
KSHAYA- Saamanya Sidhanta ME H
CHIKITSA → Re-establishing the dosha samya AL
NTS AT
Dhatusaamya kriya cha ukta tantrasyasya prayojanam.(Cha.Soo1/53)
A
U
 SAAMANYA VISHESHA SIDDHANTA

• The fundamental and unique treatment principle of Ayurveda

is based on the Saamanya Vishesha siddhanta
Vridhi samanai: sarveshaam vipareethair viparyayai:(A.H.Su
1/19)
• Disease manifested due to dosha vridhi :- dravyas with
opposite guna karma administered - VISHESHA
• Prakopana viparyayo hi Dhaatunaam prashama kaaranam
• Disease manifested due to dosha kshaya:- dravyas with
similar guna karma administered. - SAAMANYA
• Karmaapi cha yadyasya dhaatorvridhikaram tattada
sevyam cha.(Cha sa6/11)
• A rational application of Saamanya vishesha siddhanta forms
the core treatment principle.
 SAAMANYA VISHESHA
• SAAMANYA
• Sarvadaa sarvabhaavaanaam saamaanyam
vridhi kaaranam(Cha.su.1/44)
• always for all the existing things generality is
the cause of increase.
• Saamaanyamekatvakaram(Cha.su1/45)
• generates the notion of unity
• Tulyaardhatha hi saamaanyam(Cha.su1/45)
• generates a notion of oneness and equality
• Dhaatava: puna: shaariraa: samaanagunai:
samaanagunabhooyishtair vaa
apyaahaaravikaarairabhyamaanair vridhim
praapnuvanti..(Cha saa6/9)
• VISHESHA
• Hraasahetur visheshascha
• It is the principle cause for reduction in all the
bhava padaarthas such as dravya,guna &
karma.
• Visheshasthu prudhaktwakrit
• It is the entity which shows distinctness
between two or more objects.
• Visheshasthu viparyayai:
• creates notion of plurality, separates the objects
from one another.
• Vishishyate vyaavartate iti vishesha:(Cha
soo1/44,Chakrapani)
PRAVRUTTIRUBHAYASYA TU...

• Pravarthanam shareerena abhisambandham

iti yaavat.(Chakrapani)
• saamanya and vishesha when related to the
body cause augmentation and dimunition
respectively, and neither of them can be
effective without having relationship with the
body.
• Dhaatusaamyam iti yaavat, saa saamaanya
visheshasya cha.(Chakrapani)
• proper application of both the entities is
necessary for the achievement of
dhaatusaamyata.,either of them alone will not
be able to maintain the equilibrium.
 Tadeva tasmaadbheshajam samyagavachaaryamaanam yugapat nyuunathiriktaanam
dhaatuunaam saamyakaram bhavati,Adhikam apakarshayati nyuunamaapyayati.(cha
soo6/5)

• Appropriately administered aushadha brings

the nyuna and vrudha dhatus to saamyavastha
by decreasing the vruddha dhatu's and
increasing the Kshina dhatu's.
 CLASSIFICATION

SAAMANYA VISHESHA
• Dravya,guna,karma saamanyam (cha • Dravya,guna,karma vishesha (Cha.Sam)
sam) • Virudha & Avirudha vishesha (Chakrapani)
• Atyanta saamanyam,madhyama
saamanya,ekadesa saamanya (Bhattara-
Harishchandra)
• Para saamanya,apara saamanya (T.S)
• Para saamanya,Apara saamanya,Para-apara
saamanya (kaarikaavali).
• Ubhaya vritti saamanya,eka vritti saamanya
 APPLICATIONS
• Dravya Saamanya
• 1.Maamsam aapyayate maamsena(Cha.sa6/9)
Eating of meat increases the bulk of the muscles
of the body.
• 2. In atiyoga of virechana adverse effect is
jivadana, treated by administering fresh blood of
deer,cow etc.,
• 3. Semen of crocodile having aphrodisiac
action.
• Dravya Vishesha
• 1.Gavedhuko hi gavedhukatvena
gavedhuvyaktyantarapekshayaa samaana:,
maamsaapekshayaa vyaavrittatvaad vishesha:
(chakrapanni)
• Gavedhuka is used to reduce the increased
flesh of the body as it has substance speciality
in relation to meat.
• Shankha dravaka in amlapitta
• GUNA SAAMANYA
• Samaana guna abhyaaso hi dhaatunaam
vridhi kaaranam. (Cha .soo)
• Administration of kshira,sarpi,madhura dravya
for shukra vridhi.
• Administration of ikshurasa,
varunimanda,drava,madhura,upakledi dravya
for mutra vridhi.
• Tikta ksheera vasti in vata vikaras
• GUNA VISHESHA
• Kulatha with its ushnaveerya will pacify kapha
having sheeta guna.
• Yava choorna in Medo roga.
• Rooksha: sheeto laghu sookshma chalo
vishada: ghara: vipareeta gunair dravyai:
maruta: samprashaamyati.(Cha.su.1/59-61)
• This is the most important speciality in
ayurveda as it finds wider
application ,ayurvedic spectrum of tratmentt is
mainly based on this.
• When humors are increased we use opposite
properties of the increased.
• KARMA SAAMANYA
• Running, fasting,excessive
talking,thinking,..causes vata vridhi
• Anger, santapa,envy will increase pitta
• Sleep,laziness,sedentary life will increase
kapha.
• KARMA VISHESHA
• Ratri jaagarana is indicated in kapha vridhi due
to divaswapna.
• Maithuna is indicated in sukra
vegavarodhajanya vikaras.
• Swapna is indicated in nidra vegarodhajanya
vikaras.
 According to susruta
Kshina brihmayitva i.,e Kupita prashamayitavya Vridha shoditavya i.,e Samaah paripaalayah i.e.,
diminished doshas i.,e vitiated doshas aggravated doshas should maintenance of normalcy
should be nourished. should be pacified. be expelled of doshas
1. Mamsa prayoga in 1.Shamana chikitsa in 1. Nitya virechana in 1.Dinacharya
vatodara 2.Ritucharya
Rajayakshma urusthambha 2. Virechana in tamaka 3.Sadvritta
2.Brihmana chikitsa in 2.Sarpipana in vataja shwasa 4.Achara rasayana
kshayaja kasa kushta.
3.Laghu and santarpana
chikitsa in emaciated
patient.
 INTERDISCIPLINARY APROACH

Generality/Homology Speciality/ Heterology

• Blood transfusion can be life saving in • Antacids in hyper acidity
situations of massive blood loss. • Statins in hyperlipidemia
• Administration of IV fluids to combat • Anti histamins in allergic reactions
electrolyte imbalance and fluid loss in
condition of gastroentritis,diarrhoea etc.,
• Insulin administration in Diabetes
• Calcium supplementation in OA
• Thyroxin supplementation in
hypothyroidism.
• Iron supplements in anemia
 CASE STUDY

• 1. Efficacy of Yava amalaka churna in Medoroga - Applying the

concept : Prakopana viparyayo hi dhatunam prashama karanam
iti.
AIMS & OBJECTIVES
To evaluate the applicability of concept of Vishesha in Medoroga by
using Yavamalaka churna.
METHODOLOGY
An organised clinical trial was presented with statistical data. Total 30
patients suffering from sthoulya have been selected from OPD & IPD of
S V Ayurveda college and Hospital and the clinical trial was undertaken.
INCLUSION CRITERIA
1. Age : 16-50 yrs
2.BMI>25
STUDY PLAN
1.Bhrishta yava powder mixed with hot water -10gms bd,before food
RESULTS
Parameter Mean Mean Mean diff Mean% S.D S.E “p” value
BT AT improvem
ent

Weight 82.96 78.03 4.93 36.90 2.03 0.37 <0.001

BMI 31.20 29.34 1.86 36.90 0.75 0.13 <0.001

Hip circum 109.53 107.28 2.25 15.60 0.93 0.17 <0.001

Triglycerides 122.23 111.97 10.26 14.29 26.93 4.91 <0.046

Total 345.92 326.62 19.3 49.06% 30.64 5.58 <0.001

parameters
 DISCUSSION

• Yava - Ruksha , Laghu

• Medo dhatu - Snigdha, Guru

• Hraasa of medo dhatu

• Yava - pureeshakrut - ↑ quantity of feaces
↓
eliminates excess fat,
• Amalaki - Pitta pradhana Tridosha shamaka , controls
deranged Agni and tridosha.
• Rasayana effect of this drug maintains the patency of
the channels reducing kapha and medas.
 MODERN POINT OF VIEW

• Barley is rich in fibre which constitutes about 3.9% of the drug.The type of fibre
present in barley is precise for its action as it contains water soluble fibre and the
body needs this type of fibre.
• Action:
• Increases the gastric emptying time by taking long duration to get partly digested
• Initiates the satiety centre and reduces the food intake
• Affects the enteric reabsorption of cholesterol thereby reducing the cholesterol level
and initiates the movement of fat.
• Excess utilisation of energy and mobilisation of stored fat.
• The different types of tannins present in Amalaki is responsible for its
multifactorial action.
• Helps in utilisation of stored energy and maintains the micronutrient levels of the
body.
• Combined effect of both the drugs are responsible for the diminution of medodhatu.
 CONCLUSION

• The basis of Ayurvedic treatment revolves around Saamanya

Vishesha Sidhanta.
• Dravya, guna, karma basis for therapeutics involves principles of
Saamanya & Vishesha.
• Attempt has been made to revalidate the concept of Saamanya
Vishesha by highlighting its practical applications in Therapeutics
with an Interdisciplinary aproach.

• Novel approaches for preventing diseases and protecting health

through holistic principles of Ayurveda and integrative medicine are
now gaining renewed momentum globally
• Exploring and comprehending wider applicability of fundamental
principles of Ayurveda can offer scientific efforts for innovations in
addressing the health challenges .
 LATEST RESEARCHES - GLIMPSES
• AYUR GENOMICS : Integrative approach of Ayurveda
and genomics for discovery of predictive markers for
preventive and personalised medicine.
• RASAYANA- IMMUNOMODULATORS : stimulatory
action of rasayana on acquired immune system eg.,
Aswagandha rasayana.
Adjuvents as immune boosters in cancer treatments.
• RASAYANA - STEM CELL RESEARCH
Tissue specific rasayanas like Medhya rasayaa, could be
tried for differentiation of stem cells and regenerate specific
tissues.
• BIO ENHANCERS
They are drug facilitators i.e.,enhance the bio availability
and efficacy. PIPPALI - first discovered bio enhancer.
• BHASMA & NANO MEDICINE