IPV6

SLIDE 2: INTRODUCTION TO
INTERNET PROTOCOL
• Title: What is Internet Protocol?
• Definition
• Internet Protocol is the principal communications
protocol in the Internet protocol suite for relaying
datagrams across network boundaries
• Purpose
• Addressing: Each device on a network is identified
by a unique IP address
• Routing: Determines the best path to send data from
the source to the destination
• IP Versions: IPv4 and IPv6 are the two main
versions
SLIDE 3: LIMITATIONS
OF IPV4
• Title: The Need for IPv6
• IPv4 Overview
• 32-bit addressing scheme
• Approximately 4.3 billion unique addresses
• Problems
• Address Exhaustion: Rapid growth of the internet and
devices has led to depletion of available IPv4
addresses
• NAT : Used to mitigate address exhaustion but adds
complexity and latency
• Security Limitations: IPv4 was not designed with
modern security needs in mind
• Inefficiencies: Complex routing tables and limited
scalability
SLIDE 4: INTRODUCTION TO
IPV6
Definition: IPv6 is the most recent version of the Internet
Protocol designed to address the limitations of IPv

Addressing Scheme
• 128-bit address space
• Supports approximately 340 undecillion unique addresses

Design Goals
• Simplified packet header
• Improved support for extensions and options
• Better security features
SLIDE 5: IPV6
ADDRESSING FORMAT
• Components
• Global Unicast Address: Globally unique addresses
routable on the Internet
• Link-Local Address: Used for communication within a
single network segment
• Multicast Address: Addresses multiple nodes in a
network
• Representation
• Eight groups of four hexadecimal digits, separated by
colons
• Zero compression: :: can be used to compress
consecutive zeros
SLIDE 6: KEY FEATURES
OF IPV6
• Title: Advantages of IPv6
• Larger Address Space
• Vastly larger number of unique IP addresses compared to
IPv
• Enables growth of IoT and future technologies
• Improved Routing Efficiency
• Hierarchical addressing reduces the size of routing tables
• Simplifies packet forwarding processes
• Auto-Configuration
• Stateless Address Auto-Configuration : Allows devices
to configure their own IP addresses without a server
• Stateful Configuration: Similar to DHCP in IPv
SLIDE 6: KEY
FEATURES OF IPV6
• Title: Advantages of IPv6
• Enhanced Security
• IPsec is a mandatory part of the protocol
• Provides confidentiality, authentication, and data
integrity
• Better Support for QoS
• Flow Label field enables identification of traffic
flows for QoS handling
SLIDE 7: IPV6 HEADER
FORMAT
• Simplified Header
• Fixed 40-byte header compared to the variable
length in IPv
SLIDE 7: IPV6 HEADER
FORMAT
• Fields
• Version: 4-bit field set to 6 for IPv
• Traffic Class: Used for QoS
• Flow Label: Identifies packets belonging to the same
flow
• Payload Length: Length of the data following the
header
• Next Header: Identifies the type of the next header
• Hop Limit: Number of hops a packet can traverse
• Source Address: IPv6 address of the sender
• Destination Address: IPv6 address of the recipient
SLIDE 8: TRANSITION
MECHANISMS
• Dual Stack
• Devices run both IPv4 and IPv6 protocols
• Allows for gradual transition

• Tunneling
• 6to4 Tunneling: Encapsulates IPv6 packets within IPv4
packets
• Teredo Tunneling: Enables IPv6 connectivity for hosts behind
IPv4 NAT devices
• Translation
• NAT64/DNS64: Converts IPv6 packets to IPv4 packets
• Allows IPv6-only devices to communicate with IPv4-only
devices
SLIDE 9: SECURITY
IMPROVEMENTS
• IPsec Integration
• Provides end-to-end security
• Mandatory in IPv6, optional in IPv

• End-to-End Encryption
• Ensures data confidentiality
• Protects data from interception and tampering

• Neighbor Discovery Protocol

• Replaces ARP in IPv
• Secure NDP uses cryptographic methods to protect NDP messages
• Provides mechanisms for address autoconfiguration, address
resolution, and neighbor unreachability detection
SLIDE 10: IPV6 Many legacy systems
DEPLOYMENT and software do not
support IPv
Compatibility Issues
CHALLENGES Ensuring interoperability
between IPv4 and IPv6
networks

Upgrading infrastructure
can be expensive
Cost Investment in new
hardware and software

Need for IT staff to learn

Training and and understand IPv

Knowledge Developing expertise in

managing IPv6 networks
SLIDE 10: IPV6 DEPLOYMENT
CHALLENGES

• Transition Complexity
• Complexity of running dual stack networks
• Managing security and performance during the
transition period
SLIDE 11: CURRENT
ADOPTION STATUS
• Statistics
• Percentage of global IPv6 traffic
• Increase in IPv6 adoption rates over the years

• Geographical Adoption
• Regions with high IPv6 adoption
• Regional differences in deployment and usage

• Case Studies
• Google: Over 30% of users access Google services over IPv
• Facebook: Significant IPv6 traffic and deployment
• ISPs: Leading ISPs promoting IPv6 adoption among their
customers
SLIDE 12: BENEFITS FOR
FUTURE TECHNOLOGIES
• IoT
• Scalability for billions of connected devices
• Simplified device configuration and management
• 5G Networks
• Enhanced mobile networking capabilities
• Better support for high-speed, low-latency
applications
• Smart Cities
• Reliable and efficient connectivity for infrastructure
• Supports applications like smart grids, traffic
management, and public safety
SLIDE 13: CASE
STUDIES
• Examples
• Google
• IPv6 traffic statistics show increasing adoption
• Active promotion of IPv6 among users
• Facebook
• Early adopter of IPv
• Significant investment in IPv6 infrastructure
• ISPs
• Leading ISPs such as Comcast and AT&T have made
significant strides in deploying IPv
• Encourage customers to transition to IPv6-
compatible devices and services
SLIDE 14: MOVING
FORWARD
• Best Practices
• IPv6 Readiness Assessment: Evaluate current
network infrastructure and readiness for IPv
• Develop a Transition Plan: Create a roadmap for
transitioning to IPv
• Training and Education: Provide training for IT staff
on IPv6 protocols and management
• Infrastructure Upgrade: Upgrade network hardware
and software to support IPv
• Monitor and Optimize: Continuously monitor IPv6
traffic and optimize network performance
SLIDE 15: Q&A AND
DISCUSSION
• Invite Questions: Encourage the audience to
ask questions
• Discussion Points
• Recap key points covered in the presentation
• Discuss any concerns or specific scenarios related to
IPv6 adoption
• Share additional resources for learning about IPv
SLIDE 16: CONCLUSION
• Summary
• The importance of transitioning to IPv6 for future
internet growth
• Key benefits such as larger address space, improved
security, and support for new technologies
• Challenges and strategies for successful IPv6
adoption
• Thank You
• Thank the audience for their attention
• Provide contact information for further inquiries