Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Group 8 Cosh
Group 8 Cosh
Group 8 Cosh
Lahina, Jonelson
Halipan, Joemarie
Habbiling, Crisanta
Ligmay, Karen
Pun-adwan, Alyza
Fire Hazards
and
Control
Classes of fire
Fire Hazards
A fire in the workplace not only puts the lives of employees and visitors at risk, but it can also result in costly
business interruption and damage to the company’s reputation. It is essential to have a fire safety plan in place
and to regularly review and update it.
In the event of a fire, combustible chemicals can release toxic fumes and cause explosions,
exacerbating the situation and putting people and property at risk.
•Flammable liquids
These are liquids that ignite easily
and burn quickly, such as gasoline, diesel fuel, and
alcohol. They pose a significant risk of fire and
explosion, particularly in industrial and commercial
settings where they are commonly used as solvents
or fuels.
Fire Hazards
Combustible dusts
Fine particles of solids that are easily ignited
and burn quickly, such as sugar, wood, and grain.
Combustible dusts can ignite from a spark or static
electricity and can cause explosions, particularly in
industries that process these materials.
Oxidizers
These are chemicals that release oxygen
when they catch fire, intensifying the fire and making
it harder to control. Examples of oxidizers include
peroxide, nitrates, and chlorine.
.
Fire Hazards
Toxins
In the event of a fire, chemicals can release toxic
fumes that can cause serious health problems, such
as respiratory problems, chemical burns, and even
death. Some common toxins include carbon
monoxide, hydrogen cyanide, and Sulphur dioxide.
Prevention:
These materials should be stored properly, away from
ignition sources. It is essential to keep all combustible
materials away from clutter and debris, as well as to
regularly inspect for any potential fire hazards. Any
materials that are not needed should be discarded
properly to reduce the risk of fire.
To prevent fires,
make sure that cooking equipment is properly maintained, and that employees are properly
trained in the safe use of the equipment.
Any flammable materials should also be kept away from the cooking area. Cooking equipment
should be cleaned regularly to prevent a build-up of grease and oil, which can be a significant
fire hazard.
Additionally, it is essential to have fire extinguishers readily available in the kitchen area, and
to ensure that all employees know how to use them.
How to use fire Extingusher?
What is pass?
When using a fire extinguisher:
PULL the retaining pin on the handle of the fire extinguisher Stand
back 8-10 feet from the fire
AIM the nozzle of the extinguisher at the base of the fire
SQUEEZE the handle of the extinguisher
SWEEP the extinguishing agent at the base of the fire
2. WELDING FUMES
Welding fumes contain a variety of chemicals depending on
what is being welded on, chemical makeup of welding rods, fluxes and
shielding gases.
Generally, welding in confined spaces or welding on stainless steel
which generates hexavalent chromium, are the most hazardous welding
activities.
• Welding in a confined space
• Welding on a stainless steel tank
Chemical Hazards
3.SOLVENTS
A variety of solvents with varying degrees of
toxicity are used in construction. They are in paints,
glues, epoxies and other products.
Solvents can:
Irritate your eyes, nose or throat,
Clean Strip
Acetone CLEANS PROJECT RESIDUE
Make you dizzy, high, sleepy, give you a headache
or cause you to pass out,
Affect your judgment or coordination,
Cause internal damage to your body,
Dry out or irritate your skin.
Chemical Hazards
4.SILICA
Silica or quartz dust exposure is very common in
construction from drilling, cutting or grinding on concrete,
sandblasting, rock drilling on masonry work. Exposure
causes lung scarring and lung disease over time.
Brick cutting
Blowing concrete dust with compressed air
Concrete cutting
Chemical Hazards
5. LEAD
Construction workers can be exposed to lead on
bridge repair work, lead paint removal on metal structures or
buildings or demolition of old buildings with lead paint, or
using lead solder.
Lead is highly toxic and can cause severe, long term health
problems.
Lead in Paint work
Lead in Bridge repair work
2. Injection
It can occur when a sharp object (e.g., needle) punctures the skin and injects a
chemical (or virus) directly into the bloodstream.
3. Ingestion
Chemicals may be swallowed accidentally if food, hands, or cigarettes are
contaminated.
4. Absorption
Some chemicals, when contacted, can pass through the skin into the blood stream.
The eyes may also be a route of entry.
Chemical Hazards
Control Measures
1. First Aid Treatment
Providing express first aid to the victim is meant to mitigate the toxic substance as fast as possible, while
seeking medical assistance, maintaining breathing, blood circulation and other vital signs.
To correctly provide first aid, one should:
1. Make sure that there is no other risk - for you or the victim - due to administering first aid.
2. If possible:
Identify the poison.
Identify the dosage or the intake of such substance.
Verify the duration (since how long has the victim taken it).
The Victim's age and weight.
3. Observe the symptoms (acute or mild).
4. If the victim vomits, keep the vomited material (for test purposes by the concerned authorities).
5. Call the Poison Control or hospital and get the first aid advice.
6. Call the ambulance or medical assistance, or carry the victim to the nearest hospital.
7. If the victim is unconscious: Check his breath and provide C.P.R if needed.
Biological Hazards
Any risk that comes from the biosphere - people, plants, and animals can be
considered biological hazards.
Some Examples of Biological Hazards are:
Mold and Fungi
Blood and Body Fluids
Sewage
Airborne pathogens
Stinging insects
Harmful plants
Animal and Bird Droppings
Biological Hazards
2. BLOODBORNE PATHOGENS
Hepatitis B Virus (HBV)
Hepatitis C Virus (HCV)
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)
5. Vibration
• Hand Arm Vibration Syndrome (HAVS) and
Vibration White Finger (VWF) are very debilitating
• You need to protect yourself from excessive usage
of vibrating tools such as breakers and drills etc.
Biological Hazards
6. POISONOUS PLANTS
• Poison Ivy
• Poison Oak
• Poison Sumac
Biological Hazards
1. POISONOUS & INFECTIOUS ANIMALS
Snakes
Virus reaches brain and causes fatal encephalitis.
Virus ascends spinal cord.
Virus moves up peripheral nervous system to CNS.
Virus replicates in muscle near bite
.
Rodents
Virus enters salivary glands and other organs of victim.
Dogs (Rabies)
Virus enters tissue from saliva of biting animal.
Biological Hazards
PREVENTION METHODS
Elimination of the source of contamination is fundamental to the
prevention and control of biological hazards. Washing hands with liquid
soap is the simplest and most basic method to avoid infection. However,
it is often neglected.
CONTROL MEASURES:
Goggles/Face shields
Gloves
Shoe Covers
Sterilization
Personal hygiene
Biological Hazards
Surgical masks
N95 or higher level respirators
Powered Air Purifying Respirator
Air-supplying respirators
Protective clothing
2. Administrative controls reduce risk by changing work processes and activities to make them safer.
Some examples of administrative controls for physical safety hazards include:
Handling smaller quantities of dangerous and reactive chemicals
Spending less time in areas of exposure
Working away from noise when possible
Providing employees with rest breaks away from physical hazards
Training employees to recognize and avoid physical hazards
Psycho-social Hazards
Psycho-social Hazards
The construction industry has considerable safety and health hazards that result in high
rates of injury, illness, and fatality. Common hazards include:
noise
fall
electrical
chemical hazards
Approximately 60% of all construction fatalities each year can be attributed to the ‘focus four’
hazards of falls, struck-by, caught in and between, and electrocutions.
Construction occupational safety and health (OSH) has traditionally focused on eliminating,
mitigating, and managing those hazards that are common in many construction workplaces.
Psycho-social Factors
Psycho-social factors are the social, organizational, and managerial features of a job that affect
the worker’s feelings, attitudes, behaviors, and physiology.
Additionally, there is growing evidence that workplace psycho-social factors may contribute to
2. Assess the risks - Most safety professionals should already be equipped with these
analytical tools. Each hazard has a different approach, apply what is necessary.
3. Raise awareness - Being an effective communicator is such a key skill to possess.
4. Take preventative or corrective action - Put into place controls to help eliminate or mitigate
these psychosocial hazards. Not all risks can be eliminated, this is why it is crucial to have
plan in place to counter the negative effects of these hazards.
5. Have senior management commit to reduce workplace stress - With mental health
awareness being broader than ever before, senior management need to commit to creating a
workplace that effectively reduces worker stressors.