MSc in Environmental Standards

ANALYTICAL METHODS (EVS 803)

TOPIC: Analysis of Variance

Dr. D.H. Ogbuagu

Federal University of Technology, Owerri
Lesson 7: Analysis of Variance (ANOVA)
At the end of this lesson, students should be able to:
Understand the Analysis of Variance (ANOVA)
Understand the importance of ANOVA in research
Know the formula of ANOVA
Understand One-Way and Two-Way ANOVA
Understand the assumptions of ANOVA
Use a computer software to computer AVOVA test.
12.0. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA)
A statistical method for determining the existence of differences among several

population means
A technique whereby the total variation present in a set of data is partitioned into

several components
Association with each of these components is a specific source of variation so that in

the analysis, it is possible to ascertain the magnitude of the contribution of each of

these sources to the total variation.
The purpose of using ANOVA is:

-to estimate & test hypothesis about population variance,

-to estimate & test hypothesis about population mean
 12.0. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) (Contd)
The hypothesis test of ANOVA is as follows:

H0: µ1 = µ2 = µ3 = … = µr

H1: Not all µi (I = 1, …, r) are equal

Assumptions of ANOVA
Independent random sampling from each of the r
populations
The r populations under study are normally
distributed, with means µi that may or may not be
equal, but with equal variances
If these assumptions are not accurate, ANOVA may
not be useful for comparing groups
Theory & Computation of ANOVA
The Formula for ANOVA is:
F=MST/MSE where F=ANOVA coefficient,
MST=Mean sum of squares due to treatment,
MSE=Mean sum of squares due to error​
Two-Way ANOVA
• It is an extension of the one-way ANOVA
• With a one-way, you have one independent variable affecting a
dependent variable
• With a two-way ANOVA, there are two independents
• For example, a two-way ANOVA allows a company to compare worker
productivity based on two independent variables, such as salary and
skill set
• It is utilized to observe the interaction between the two factors and
tests the effect of two factors at the same time
Application of a software in ANOVA computations

Use made of the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (=Statistical
Product and Service Solutions) (SPSS) software in the computation of
ANOVA
Thanks for listening
Q and A