Water Quality Measurement

An overview of techniques for assessing water purity and ecological impact.

 Introduction

Water quality overview
A brief introduction to the importance of
monitoring and maintaining water
quality.
Key water quality parameters
Highlight the critical parameters that
determine water quality, such as pH,
dissolved oxygen, turbidity, and
contaminants.
Impacts of poor water quality Presentation roadmap
Outline the structure of the presentation,
Discuss the potential consequences of covering the various aspects of water
poor water quality on human health, quality measurement.
aquatic ecosystems, and other sectors.

This introductory slide sets the stage for a comprehensive exploration of water quality
measurement techniques and their significance.
 Conductivity and TDS
Conductivity and Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) are critical parameters used
to assess water quality. Conductivity measures the ability of water to conduct
an electrical current, which is directly related to the concentration of
dissolved ions. TDS represents the total concentration of dissolved inorganic
salts and organic matter in water.
 Experimental Setup

Water Quality Sensor Sample Collection Sensor Calibration Field Measurements

Data Logging

A multi-parameter water
quality sensor was used to
measure various parameters
like dissolved oxygen, pH,
conductivity, and temperature.
Water samples were collected
from multiple locations in the
river or lake using a sterilized
sampling bottle. The samples
were labeled with the date,
time, and location.
Before taking measurements,
the water quality sensor was
calibrated according to the
manufacturer's instructions
using standard calibration
solutions.
The calibrated sensor was
immersed in the water
samples, and the readings for
the various parameters were
recorded after the sensor
stabilized.
The measured data was
automatically logged onto a
connected device or recorded
manually for further analysis
and interpretation.
 Sample Collection

• Site Selection • Preservation and Labeling

Identified waterways with potential sources of contamination based on Immediately preserved samples as per analytical requirements (e.g.,
proximity to industrial areas, agricultural regions, or residential acidification, cooling) and labeled with unique identifiers, date, time,
developments. and location.

• Sampling Equipment • Transportation and Storage

Utilized sterile, chemically-inert sampling bottles and containers to Transported samples in insulated coolers with ice packs to maintain
prevent cross-contamination and preserve sample integrity. appropriate temperature and chain of custody, then properly stored in a
controlled environment until analysis.

• Sample Collection Procedure

Adhered to standardized protocols for collecting water samples,
ensuring proper depth, flow rate, and handling techniques to maintain
representative samples.
 Measurement Techniques

Conductivity Measurement Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) Measurement Electrode Types

Conductivity is measured using a conductivity meter, which
applies an alternating current between two electrodes
immersed in the water sample. The resistance to the flow of
current is measured and converted to conductivity values.
TDS is measured using a TDS meter, which applies an
electric current between two electrodes and measures the
resistance. The resistance is then converted to TDS
concentration based on a calibration curve.
Common electrode types used for conductivity and TDS
measurements include graphite, stainless steel, and
platinum. The choice of electrode material depends on
factors like sample composition and accuracy requirements.

Temperature Compensation Calibration

Water conductivity and TDS values vary with temperature. Most meters have built-in Regular calibration of the meters is necessary to ensure accurate measurements. Calibration is
temperature compensation to adjust the readings to a standard reference temperature, typically typically done using standard solutions with known conductivity or TDS values.
25°C.
 Results and Analysis

Dissolved Oxygen
Location pH Level Turbidity (NTU)
(mg/L)

Lake Erie 7.2 3.5 9.1

Ohio River 8.1 12.8 6.7

Cuyahoga River 6.9 18.4 5.2

*Data from Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Water Quality Monitoring Program
 Quality Standards
Impacted Population by Pollutant (%)

35%

22%
18%
15%
10%
Lead Mercury Nitrates Arsenic Other
 Importance of Monitoring

01 03 05
Detects contaminants before Ensures compliance with Provides data for water
serious issues arise. regulations and standards. treatment adjustments.

02 04 06
Identifies sources of Protects public health and Enables proactive
pollution for remediation. aquatic ecosystems. management of water
resources.
 Limited Sensor Accuracy

Challenges and
Sample Collection
Limitations Constraints

Environmental Variability
 Future Directions

1
Develop real-time water quality monitoring systems using IoT sensors

2
Investigate the use of machine learning for predictive water quality modeling

3
Explore the application of nanotechnology for efficient water treatment processes

4
Conduct field studies on the ecological impact of water pollution in various ecosystems

5
Investigate the use of satellite imagery and GIS for large-scale water quality mapping

6
Evaluate the economic and social implications of water quality management strategies
 “Water is life's matter and matrix,
mother and medium. There is no life
without water.”
ALBERT SZENT-GYORGYI