GLOBAL

DEMOGRAPHY (The Contemporary World)

PREPAID BY:
Princess S. Maslog
Caryl Jane P. Daanoy
Sheila Mae O. Somera
 Demography
Defined as the Quantitative or statistical study of populations.
The study of size, territorial distribution and composition of
population, changes therein and components of such changes,
which may be identified as natality, mortality, territorial movement
(migration) and social mobility (change of social status).
 ACCORDING TO ANDERSON,
DEMOGRAPHY STUDIES THE…
1. Population Size – the number of people in a country, a state, a city, a region or the world
at a given time.
2. Population Growth or Decline – changes in the number of people in a given geographic
area over time.
3. Population Processes – fertility, mortality and migration.
4. Factors Related to Population Processes – diseases and socioeconomic characteristics
related to mortality, family formation, labor force participation, government policies
related to fertility, difference in income and opportunities in various areas, war and
immigration policies and economic conditions motivating migration.
 ACCORDING TO ANDERSON,
DEMOGRAPHY STUDIES THE…
5. Population Distribution – geographic distribution, such as among states or
between rural and urban areas.
6. Population Structure – age and sex composition, the growing proportion of
the population at advanced ages, the sex ratio at birth, and the increasing
proportion of the population that is female with increasing age.
7. Population Characteristics – education, income, labor force participation,
marital status and race or ethnic group membership. Anything that has a value for
each member of the population and does not have the same value for everyone.
 THINKING ABOUT THE POPULATION
CHANGE:
1. Aggregate Approach looks at the components of population
change.

2. Casual or Micro-behavioral Approach asks the following

questions: What are the casual factors or behavioral
mechanisms that lead to the decisions that people make?
DEMOGRAPHIC TRANSITION THEORY

• A generalized description of the changing patterns of

mortality, fertility and growth rates as societies or
groups of people move from one demographic stage to
another across historical periods.
 THE STAGES OF THE DEMOGRAPHIC
TRANSITION MODEL
1. Pre-Industrial Society – In this stage when the levels of technology and medicine are still low, the
population growth is kept in check through preventive and positive checks.
2. Early Transition – During this period, death rates are significantly reduced. Modern medicine and an
improved food supply, specifically for children and better education reduce the number of deaths caused by
diseases and malnutrition. At the same time, the high birth rate is maintained due to lack of contraception
which in turn causes a rapid growth in population. At this stage, people have a longer life expectancy.
3. Late Transition – At this stage, birth rates start to fall with advances in medicine and contraception methods
and increased awareness through health education.
4. Post-Transition – At this stage, the birth and death rates are both low. Weather societies tend to achieve this
phenomenon resulting in a more stable society. Countries with wealthy economics, family planning, better
healthcare systems, high levels of education and higher social and economic enfranchisement for women lend
to maintain low birth and death rates.
SECOND DEMOGRAPHIC TRANSITION

• Structural Changes – modernization, the growth of the service economy

and the welfare state, the expansion of higher education.
• Cultural Changes – secularization, the rise of individualistic values, the
importance of self-expression and self-fulfillment.
• Technological Changes – the adoption of modern contraception, the
advances in assisted reproduction, the explosion of new information
technologies.