EMERGENCY EMERGENCY

MEDICAL SERVICE MEDICAL SERVICE

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1860's:
First recorded use of a field ambulance and
medic in the US was during the Civil War.
1865:
The Commercial Hospital (now Cincinnati
General) in Cincinnati introduced the first
ambulance services associated with a
hospital.
1876:
Until 1876, Bellevue Hospital in New York had
maintained the only ambulance service.
1890:
The Williams family of Gainesville enters the
funeral home business and, shortly thereafter,
runs their first call for help using a horse
drawn funeral carriage.
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W W Horse Druwn Horse Druwn
AmbuIunce AmbuIunce
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1909:
The American Red Cross begins its first aid
training program.
The Public Health Service begins it's medical
self help program using volunteers
1922:
The American College of Surgeons (ACS)
established the Committee on the Treatment
of Fractures.
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Fire Departments Nationally begin to
respond to Emergency Medical Calls
1934:
Columbus, Ohio begins running a Basic Life
Support (BLS) squad through their fire
department.
1959:
Los Angles Fire Department initiates a BLS
response and carries extrication equipment
and first aid equipment on the squad.
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Winton Winton
AmbuIunce AmbuIunce

Studebuker Dictutor Mini Studebuker Dictutor Mini
AmbuIunce AmbuIunce
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1960:
Closed cardiac massage was developed by Drs.
Kowenhoven, Jude and Knickerbocker in Baltimore,
leading to the realization that rapid response of
trained community members to cardiac emergencies
might improve outcomes.
1964:
American Academy of Orthopedic Surgeons initiates
a services of concentrated 3-day course for training of
emergency medical personnel.
1965:
The American Medical Association establishes a
commission to study emergency medical
services.
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1966:
The National Highway Safety Act (P.L. 89-564)
established national standards for training
emergency medical technicians, and minimum
equipment required on an ambulance.
1966:
The National Academy of Sciences - National
Research Council publishes Accidental Death &
Disability: The Neglected Disease of Modern
Society, bringing trauma to the attention of the
public.
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Eureku Eureku- -CudiIIuc CudiIIuc
Hi Hi- -oy AmbuIunce oy AmbuIunce
AMUS AMUS
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Statistics from the report: '"Excellence of
initial first aid, efficiency of transportation,
and energetic treatment of military
casualties have proven to be major factors
in the progressive decrease in death rates
of battle casualties reaching medical
facilities, from 8% in World War , to 4.5%
in World War , to 2.5% in Korea, and to
less that 2% in Vietnam."
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EMS Today EMS Today
t has been nearly four decades since President
Lyndon Johnson's Committee on Highway Traffic
Safety recommended the creation of a national
certification agency to establish uniform standards for
training and examination of personnel active in the
delivery of emergency ambulance service. The result
of this recommendation was the inception of the
NationaI Registry of Emergency MedicaI
Technicians (NREMT) in 1970.
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Since that time, pre-hospital emergency medical
care has continually evolved and improved. The
EMT has been acknowledged as a bonafide
member of the health care team. Excellent
training programs have been developed and a
vital focus has been placed on continuing
education. National standards have been
established. Ambulance equipment essentials
have been set. National accreditation of
paramedic programs has been achieved, and
professional associations for the EMT have been
organized.
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The NREMT, among others, has helped to
establish, implement and maintain uniform
requirements for the certification and
recertification of emergency medical
technicians. The NREMT has also been
involved in numerous national projects and
its staff participates on major national
committees, playing an active part in the
ever-continuing process of improving
standards of emergency medical services.
A% IS EMS? A% IS EMS?
Emergency medicaI services (abbreviated to
the initials "EMS EMS" in some countries) are type of
emergency service dedicated to providing out-
of-hospital acute medical care and/or transport
to definitive care, to patients with illnesses and
injuries which the patient, or the medical
practitioner, believes constitutes a medical
emergency. The use of the term emergency
medical services may refer solely to the pre-
hospital element of the care, or be part of an
integrated system of care, including the main
care provider, such as a hospital.
A% IS EMS? A% IS EMS?
First aid squad
Emergency squad
Rescue squad
Ambulance squad
Ambulance service
Ambulance corps
Life squad.
Emergency medicaI services may aIso be
IocaIIy known as:
BASIC EMERGENCY MEDICAL BASIC EMERGENCY MEDICAL
%ECNICIAN %ECNICIAN - - EM% (B) EM% (B)
following requirements:
Completion of a P.S.E.M.T. (Philippine Society of
Emergency Medical Technicians) approved 280 hour
training course and the achievement of the required pass
mark in all sections of the National Final Examinations.
Proof of a minimum of 250 hours hands-on patient
management in the preceding twelve months. This must
be confirmed by the applicants Officer-n-Charge and
duly approved by the Society's National Executive
Committee.
Completion of a minimum of forty hours continuous
medical education.
Submission of a personal log of experience gained.
Successful completion of National Examinations.
EMERGENCY MEDICAL EMERGENCY MEDICAL
%ECNICIAN, INF&SION AND %ECNICIAN, INF&SION AND
IN%&BA%ION %RAINED IN%&BA%ION %RAINED - - EM% (I) EM% (I)
following requirements:
Entry criteria must be that of EMERGENCY MEDCAL
TECHNCAN DEFBRLLATOR TRANED/EMT (D) with
a minimum of six (6) months post certification
experience. Certification will be offered upon
successful completion of an eighty hour course of
instruction in cannulation and V fluid therapy and
advanced airway management to include endotracheal
intubation and examinations.
Practical training must achieve at least 25 successful
"unaided live" cannulations and intubations as certified
by the Supervising Medical Practitioner and/or
Registered Ambulance Training Officer.
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EarIy Detection- Members of the public, or another
agency, find the incident and understand the problem.
EarIy Reporting- The first persons on scene make a call to
the emergency medical services and provide details to
enable a response to be mounted.
3 EarIy Response- The first professional (EMS) rescuers
arrive on scene as quickly as possible, enabling care to
begin
4 ood On Scene Care- The emergency medical service
provides appropriate and timely interventions to treat the
patient at the scene of the incident
5 Care in Transit- the emergency medical service load the
patient in to suitable transport and continue to provide
appropriate medical care throughout the journey
6 Transfer to Definitive Care- the patient is handed over to
an appropriate care setting, such as the emergency
department at a hospital, in to the care of physicians
N&MERO&S E.M.S. N&MERO&S E.M.S.
overnment AmbuIance Service Operating
separately from (although alongside) the fire and
police service of the area, these ambulances are
funded by local, provincial or national government.
ire or PoIice Linked Service n countries such as
the U.S., JAPAN, FRANCE & NDA: ambulances can
be operated by the local fire or police service.
3 'oIunteer AmbuIance Service Charities or non-
profit companies operate ambulances, both in an
emergency and patient transport function. e.g.
Philippine Red Cross
4 Private AmbuIance Service Normal commercial
companies with paid employees, but often on contract
to the local or national government
N&MERO&S E.M.S. N&MERO&S E.M.S.
5. Combined Emergency Service these are full service
emergency service agencies, which may be found in places
such as airports or large colleges and universities
6. HospitaI Based Service Hospitals may provide their own
ambulance service as a service to the community, or where
ambulance care is unreliable or chargeable .
7. Charity AmbuIance This special type of ambulance is
provided by a charity for the purpose of taking sick children
or adults on trips or vacations away from hospitals,
hospices or care homes where they are in long term care.
e.g. PCSO
8. Company AmbuIance - Many large factories and other
industrial centres, such as chemical plants, oil refineries,
breweries and distilleries have ambulance services
provided by employers as a means of protecting their
interests and the welfare of their staff.
!ARAMEDIC VS. E.M.S. !ARAMEDIC VS. E.M.S.
Paramedics Paramedics are employed by various
public and private emergency service
providers.
EMS EMS is the system of emergency
services rendered by different level of
emergency service providers
!ARAMEDIC VS. E.M.S. !ARAMEDIC VS. E.M.S.
PARAMEDICS PARAMEDICS
EMERENCY EMERENCY
MEDICAL SER'ICE MEDICAL SER'ICE
FRST ADERS
EMERGENCY
SERVCE
PROVDERS
SYSTEM OF
EMERGENCY
RESPONSE
E.M.S. IN R.!. E.M.S. IN R.!.
The basic first aid care is rendered to the victim.
Most often, the most basic emergency medical
services are provided as a transport operation
only, simply to take patients from their location to
the nearest medical treatment by the by
standers. This was often the case in a historical
context, and is still true in the developing world
like PHLPPNES, where operators as diverse
as taxi drivers and undertakers may operate this
service.
E.M.S. IN &.S.A. E.M.S. IN &.S.A.
The strategy developed for prehospital trauma care in
North America is based on the Golden Hour theory, i.e.,
that a trauma victim's best chance for survival is in an
operating room, with the goal of having the patient in
surgery within an hour of the traumatic event. This
appears to be true in cases of internal bleeding,
especially penetrating trauma such as gunshot or stab
wounds. Thus, minimal time is spent providing
prehospital care (spine immobilization; "ABCs", i.e.
ensure , ,irway, - -reathing and ..irculation; external
bleeding control; endotracheal intubation and the victim
is transported as fast as possible to a trauma center.
EMERGENCY RES!ONSE EMERGENCY RES!ONSE
EMERGENCY RES!ONSE EMERGENCY RES!ONSE
E.M.S. ORGANIZA%IONAL E.M.S. ORGANIZA%IONAL
CAR% of ZCMC CAR% of ZCMC
Dr iovanni PaoIo imena Dr iovanni PaoIo imena
(HEMS COORDNATOR)
osephine Paragas, RN osephine Paragas, RN
(ASSSTANT COORDNATOR)
uiIIermo Oboy, r, RN uiIIermo Oboy, r, RN
(OPERATON HEAD)
Amor AngeIie Bazan, RM Amor AngeIie Bazan, RM
(ASSSTANT OPERATON HEAD)
EIeine Natividad, RM EIeine Natividad, RM
(LOGSTC)
!#ESENTED Y: !#ESENTED Y:
OMA# H, MADJANI OMA# H, MADJANI
DHEA , MELLO#IA DHEA , MELLO#IA
SN SN- -IV J IV J