Artificial

intelligence in
automobiles
•Student: Ibrahimov Nihad
•Group:583aH
•Professor: Cəfərov Zəfər
•Course:1
Introduction

Intelligence is the ability to learn To respond to situations very To recognize the relative To find similarities between
about, learn flexibly importance of different elements situations.
from,understand,interact with of situations.
one’s environment.
AI in mechanical engineering

• It can be termed as machine intelligence. It combines a wide variety of advanced

technologies to give machine the ability learn, adapt, make decisions and display
behaviour’s not expliciity programmed into their original capability.
• It can be uses different areas:
I. Smart Manufacturing
II. Design Engineering
III. Design optimization and simulation
IV. Mapping
V. Navigation
VI. Object recognition
VII. Robotics and
VIII. Automobile industry
Autonomous cars

Vehicle that get from

one point to another In other words, with
Cars that drive itself
point without human an autopilot system.
supervison
Why Autonomous?
• Automobiles play a significant role in our lives and afford
many benefits to society.
• But no other invention in the history of civilian technology
has as much harm as the automobile.
• Every 30 seconds, someone dies in a traffic accident. Nearly
1.3million people die in road crashes each year, on average
3287 deaths a day
• Human error is the cause of over 90% of automobile
accidents.
Components

 GPS
 Lidar
 Radar
 Video camera
 Wheel encoder
 V2X
 Ultrasonic sensors
 Position estimator
GPS

• It gives the position of the car

using satellites in a map like
Google map.
• Gps interacts with map and acts
like a database
• Map gives information about
upcoming intersections, traffic
report, directions and paths
LIDAR(Light
Detection and
Ranging)
• Lidar transmits optical laser light
in pulses to determine distance to
objects
• Types of Lidar: Airbone lidar,
Terrestrial lidar
• It is heart of autonomous car
• It is rotating sensor on the roof
producing laser beam.
• Scans More than 200ft(61m) in
all direction.
Radar

• Radar systems enable superior driver

assistance, even autonomous driving, by
helping the vehicle remain aware of all
obstacles around it in real time
• There are radar sensors in the front and
back of the car.
• Traditional radar sensors are used to
detect dangerous objects in the vehicle’s
path that are more than 100 meters away.
• Accident-prevention systems trigger
alerts when they detect something in a
car’s blind spot.
Videa Camera

• Detects traffic lights and moving

objects.
• Mounted near the rear-view
mirror build a real-time 3D
imagines of the road ahead.
• It is also used to identify road
signs, markings and traffic
signals.
Wheel encoder

• The miniature encoders can be placed directly on the

wheels of automated guided vehicles to detect the
travel speed. Or they can be placed on the drive motor.
V2X
• Cars will talk to other cars, exchanging
data and alerting drivers to potential
collisions. They will talk to sensors on
signs on stoplights, bus stops, to get
traffic updates and rerouting alerts.
• As vehicles fall out of the signal range
and drop out of the network, other
vehicles can join in, connecting vehicles
to one another so that a mobile internet
is created.
Ultrasonic sensor

• These sensors have the ability to detect

objects at close range, making them ideal
for low-speed automated maneuvering
like parking and maneuvering in tight
spaces.
• These sensors get activated when the car This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA

is engaged in the reverse gear

• These sensors provide input to a number
of different automative systems including
the anti-lock brake system and electronic
stability control
Position estimator
• Mounted on left rear wheel
• Measured small movement of the
car
• Accurately locates its position on
the map
Other technologies making the car fully autonomus

Adaptive Adaptive Traffic signal

Cruise control highbeams recognition
Adaptive cruise control

Cruise Control keeps the car at a constant speed by taking over the throttle of
the car.

It also maintain a set distance between it and the car in front of it

Uses either a radar setup allowing the vehicle to slow when approaching
another vehicle and accelerate again to the preset speed when traffic allows.
Adaptive • Automatically and continuously adapts the headlamp
ranges to the distance of vehicles ahead or which are
highbeam oncoming
Traffic signal
recognition
• A sensor “actinometer” is used to
detect the intensity of radiation
• Light of different colors will
radiate different 2 intensity of
radiation
• Which will be detected by the
sensor
• If the detected intensity is of red
color or yellow color
• The controller will send a
command to stop the vehicle
Challenges

Unpredictable humans: Autonomous vehicles will have to deal with drivers who speed, pass even
when there's a double yellow line and drive the wrong way on a one-way street.

Bad weather: Snow, rain, fog and other types of weather make driving difficult for humans, and it's
no different for driverless cars, which stay in their lanes by using cameras that track lines on the
pavement. But they can't do that if the road has a coating of snow.

Digital Mapping: Very few roads have been mapped to this degree. Moreover, maps can become out
of date as road conditions change. There may be construction or detours. An intersection with a four-
way stop might get a traffic light or become a roundabout.
Advantages
Increased road safety
Reduced traffic congestion
Beneficial for disabled people
Less need of law enforcement
Reduction of space required for vehicle parking
Decreasing emissions
Personal savings
Disadvantages
Job loss in taxi industry
Costly technology
Prone to cyber attacks
Awkward design
Less revenue from speeding, parking tickets
Requires a rapid change in fabrication technologies
Software reiability
 • In conclusion, upon addressing the mechanics
Conclusion of the driverless car as well as its benefits and
potential issues, it is quite interesting to see
how the world will actually become by the
year 2040.
• Sensors that are an integral part of an
autonomous vehicle will become more
sophisticated and will potentially have more
functionality addition in the near future.
• It is fascinating to see the effects this creation
will have on the states in which it is legalized
as well as on the people that have chosen to
experiment with it.
 Thank you

This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY