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C16 Alcohols and Carboxylic Acids
C16 Alcohols and Carboxylic Acids
Alcohols
You should be able to:
Ethanol C2H5OH 46
Propanol C3H7OH 60
Butanol C4H9OH 74
Chapter 16
Alcohols and Carboxylic Acids
Properties of Ethanol
• Ethanol is the most important alcohol in the
homologous series.
• Only ethanol can be consumed.
• Ethanol is a colourless liquid with a strong
smell.
• It has a boiling point of 78 °C and is volatile.
• It mixes readily with water.
• It is neutral to litmus.
Chapter 16
Alcohols and Carboxylic Acids
Quick Check 1
1. (a) Name an alcohol with three carbon atoms.
(b) State its
(i) molecular formula.
(ii) structural formula.
Solution
Chapter 16
Alcohols and Carboxylic Acids
Solutions to Quick Check 1
1. (a) Propanol
(b) (i) C3H7OH (ii)
2. (a) CnH2n+1OH
(b) C20H41OH
(c) Solid, its melting point is high because it has
very large molecular mass.
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Chapter 16
Alcohols and Carboxylic Acids
Chemical Reactions
1. Reaction with a reactive metal like sodium
• When a small piece of sodium is dropped into some
ethanol, it reacts steadily to give off bubbles of hydrogen
gas leaving behind a colourless solution of sodium
ethoxide, CH3CH2ONa.
H+/K2Cr2O7
+ 2[O] H H
+
O
H H
O
Solution
Chapter 16
Alcohols and Carboxylic Acids
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Chapter 16
Alcohols and Carboxylic Acids
Making Ethanol by Fermentation
of Carbohydrates
• Large quantities of ethanol are made for consumption by
fermentation.
• Depending on the raw materials used, the ethanol is
produced in different kinds of alcoholic drinks such as wine,
whisky, brandy, and beer.
Quick Check 3
Solution
Chapter 16
Alcohols and Carboxylic Acids
Step 2:
zymase
C6H12O6 2C2H5OH + 2CO2
glucose ethanol
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Chapter 16
Alcohols and Carboxylic Acids
Carboxylic Acids
• The general formula is CnH2n+1COOH, where n is an integer.
• They have an acid functional group:
Molecular Structural
Name
formula formula
Methanoic acid HCOOH
catalyst required?
(c) Construct an equation to show the reaction between
ethanoic acid and ethanol.
Solution
Chapter 16
Alcohols and Carboxylic Acids
Solution to Quick Check 4
1. (i) CnH2n+1COOH
(ii) C10H21COOH
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