CRANES

Cranes

- A crane is a construction
industry device that is typically
seen lifting heavy steel beams
to lofty places.

- Cranes in industrial plants

are generally limited in travel
by a track or overhead run way
structure.

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Type of Cranes

Overhead Travelling Crane Underhung Cranes or Monorails

Gantry Crane Cantilever Gantry

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 Overhead Travelling Cranes
 It is commonly called a bridge crane

 it consists of parallel runways with a traveling bridge

spanning the gap. A hoist, the lifting component of a crane,
travels along the bridge.

 Operated from a cab mounted on the crane itself

 With versatile design options and heavy lifting capabilities,

bridge cranes are ideal for a wide variety of applications.
Some key industries include:

- Metal Refining: Overhead cranes handle raw materials

and work pieces through every step of the
manufacturing process
- Automotive Manufacturing: Overhead cranes are
critical in handling bulky molds, components, and raw
materials
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- Paper Milling: Bridge cranes are used in paper mills for
MATERIAL HANDLING AND STORAGE
equipment installation, routine maintenance, and the
initial construction of paper machines
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 Overhead Travelling Cranes
 It is commonly called a bridge crane

 it consists of parallel runways with a traveling bridge

spanning the gap. A hoist, the lifting component of a crane,
travels along the bridge.

 Operated from a cab mounted on the crane itself

 With versatile design options and heavy lifting capabilities,

bridge cranes are ideal for a wide variety of applications.
Some key industries include:

- Metal Refining: Overhead cranes handle raw materials

and work pieces through every step of the
manufacturing process
- Automotive Manufacturing: Overhead cranes are
critical in handling bulky molds, components, and raw
materials
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- Paper Milling: Bridge cranes are used in paper mills for
MATERIAL HANDLING AND STORAGE
equipment installation, routine maintenance, and the
initial construction of paper machines
Gantry Crane
 Similar to Overhead travelling crane except that it has leg(s)
on one or both side end of it and is usually wheeled

 They are also called portal cranes, the "portal" being the
empty space straddled by the gantry

 They can range from enormous "full" gantry cranes, capable

of lifting some of the heaviest loads in the world, to small
shop cranes, used for tasks such as lifting automobile
engines out of vehicles

 Often used for shipbuilding where the crane straddles the

ship allowing massive objects like the ship’s engine to be
installed into the ship

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 Underhung Cranes
 It is sometimes referred to as under-running cranes

 Overhead cranes whose trolleys are not mounted

 Do not require supportive floor columns

 Underhung Cranes are used typically for lighter capacity

applications, where end approach or application requires a
building supported system.

 Underhung cranes can be provided in single and double

girder configurations based on span, capacity, mechanical
clearances and service factors

 By optimizing end approaches, underhung overhead cranes

make the most of facility space. That is, they allow the hoist
to get closer to the end truck or end of the runway than is
possible with a top-running crane

 The underhung configuration also maximizes the bridge end

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girder can get toAND
HANDLING theSTORAGE
wall
or the end of the runway
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 Underhung Cranes
 It is sometimes referred to as under-running cranes

 Overhead cranes whose trolleys are not mounted

 Do not require supportive floor columns

 Underhung Cranes are used typically for lighter capacity

applications, where end approach or application requires a
building supported system.

 Underhung cranes can be provided in single and double

girder configurations based on span, capacity, mechanical
clearances and service factors

 By optimizing end approaches, underhung overhead cranes

make the most of facility space. That is, they allow the hoist
to get closer to the end truck or end of the runway than is
possible with a top-running crane

 The underhung configuration also maximizes the bridge end

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11 approach, or how close the bridge MATERIAL
girder can get toAND
HANDLING theSTORAGE
wall
or the end of the runway
Cantilever Gantry Crane
 One of the most common types of gantry lifting systems,
widely used in many outdoor workplaces, such as railroad,
freight yard, port and shipyard

 The main beam of gantry crane is outreached at both sides

to form cantilever, which helps increase the crane span and
workspace

 Cantilever gantry crane can be built with box or truss

structure. Due to easy fabrication, the box type gantry crane
accounts for the majority. Truss gantry crane is ideal for
some outdoor working occasions such as sea port, quay,
dockside and shipyard to prevent the attack of strong winds
and storms

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Safety measures an employer should take regarding cranes
 Equip all cranes that have adjustable booms with boom angle indicators
 Provide cranes with telescoping booms with some means to determine boom lengths unless the
load rating is independent of the boom length
 Post load rating charts in the cab of cab-operated cranes. (All cranes do not have uniform
capacities for the same boom length and radius in all directions around the chassis of the vehicle)
 Require workers to always check the crane’s load chart to ensure that the crane will not be
overloaded by operating conditions
 Instruct workers to plan lifts before starting them to ensure that they are safe
 Tell workers to take additional precautions and exercise extra care when operating around power
lines
 Teach workers that outriggers on mobile cranes must rest on firm ground, on timbers, or be
sufficiently cribbed to spread the weight of the crane and the load over a large enough area. 05/24/2024
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(Some mobile cranes cannot operate with outriggers in the traveling position)
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Safety measures an employer should take regarding cranes
 Direct workers to always keep hoisting chains and ropes free of kinks or twists and never
wrapped around a load
 Train workers to attach loads to the load hook by slings, fixtures, and other devices that have the
capacity to support the load on the hook
 Instruct workers to pad sharp edges of loads to prevent cutting slings
 Teach workers to maintain proper sling angles so that slings are not loaded in excess of their
capacity
 Ensure that all cranes are inspected frequently by persons thoroughly familiar with the crane, the
methods of inspecting the crane, and what can make the crane unserviceable. Crane activity, the
severity of use, and environmental conditions should determine inspection schedules
 Ensure that the critical parts of a crane—such as crane operating mechanisms, hooks, air, or
hydraulic system components and other load-carrying components—are inspected daily for any 05/24/2024
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maladjustment, deterioration, leakage, deformation, or other damage MATERIAL HANDLING AND STORAGE
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