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Analog Lecture 5 - CMS
Analog Lecture 5 - CMS
Express Vo in terms of Vs
𝑅 𝑖𝑑 1
𝑉 𝑖𝑑 =𝑉 𝑠 =𝑉 𝑠
𝑅 𝑠 + 𝑅 𝑖𝑑 𝑅𝑠
1+
𝑅𝑖𝑑
If Rid is very large (infinite), Vid = Vs, i.e. all the applied input
signal will be available for opamp amplification
12 BITS Pilani, Hyderabad Campus
Zero output resistance Ro
𝑅𝐿
𝑉 𝑜= 𝐴𝑂𝐿 𝑉 𝑖𝑑 = 𝐴 𝑂𝐿 𝑉 𝑖𝑑
𝑅𝑜 + 𝑅 𝐿
V1 = V2
Virtual Short
V1 = V2 = 0
Virtual Ground
Vo Differential OP-AMP
V1 = Vin1 and V2 = Vin2.
Vo = AOL(Vin1 – Vin2 )
Open Loop OP-AMP Configuration
Three Open loop Configuration Namely:
1. Differential OP-AMP
2. Inverting OP-AMP
3. Non-inverting OP-AMP
Inverting OP-AMP
Vo
V1 = 0, V2 = Vin.
Vo = -AOL Vin
Open Loop OP-AMP Configuration
Three Open loop Configuration Namely:
1. Differential OP-AMP
2. Inverting OP-AMP
3. Non-inverting OP-AMP
Non-Inverting OP-AMP
Vo
V1 = +Vin , V2 = 0
vo = AOL Vin
Transfer characteristics
Hence the closed loop operation of opamp is needed to improve the bandwidth.
Thank You
Draw backs of open loop operation
Limited input range
Open loop voltage gain is not constant it varies with changes in temperature and power
supply
Not suitable for linear applications as the linear region of operation is very small.
Bandwidth is negligibly small.