COMPUTER

PROJECT
Different Types of Topology
 Bus Topology
 Bus topology was more common in the early
days of networking, but other topologies, such
as star and ring, are more popular today
because they're reliable and easier to scale.
Also, networks that utilize bus topology are
susceptible to collisions, where two devices try
to transmit at the same time, leading to
corruption or non-transmission of data.
Bus Topology
 Advantages of Bus Topology
 Bus topology is uncomplicated and
inexpensive, making it ideal for small
networks.
 It's the most straightforward method for
connecting computers or peripherals in a linear
fashion.
 It requires less cable length than other
topologies, such as star.
 Disadvantages of Bus Topology

 It can be difficult to identify the problems if the

whole network goes down.
 It can be hard to troubleshoot individual devices as
they all connect to the same backbone.
 Bus topology doesn't scale well, so it's not as useful
with large networks.
 Terminators are required for both ends of the main
cable.
 Additional devices slow the network down.
 If a main cable is damaged, the network fails or
splits into two.
 Star Topology
 Alternatively called a star network, star
topology is one of the most common network
setups. In this configuration, every node, such as
a hub, switch, or computer, connects to a central
network device. Essentially, the central network
device acts as a server, and the peripheral devices
act as clients. In a star topology setup, either a
coaxial or a network cable with an RJ-45 connector
is used, depending on each device's network card
type. The image shows how this network setup
gets its name, as it is shaped like a star.
Star Topology
 Advantages of Star Topology
 Centralized management of the network using
a computer, hub, or switch.
 Easier to add another computer to the network
using this configuration.
 If one computer on the network fails, the rest of
the network continues to function normally.
 Disadvantages of Star Topology
 It may have a higher cost to implement,
especially when using a switch or router as the
central network device.
 The central network device determines the
performance and number of nodes the network
can handle.
 If the central computer, hub, or switch fails, the
entire network goes down, and all computers are
disconnected from the network.
 Related information
 Network and network card help and support.
 Ring Topology
 A ring topology is a network configuration
where device connections create a closed
circular data path. Each networked device is
connected to two others, like points that form a
circle. Together, devices in a ring topology are
called a ring network. The term "token"
describes a segment of information (like a
packet) sent through that circle. When a
computer on the network can decode that
token, it receives data. The picture shows a ring
topology with five workstations (nodes).
Ring Topology
 Advantages of Ring Topology
 All data flows in one direction, reducing the
chance of packet collisions.
 A network server or central node isn't necessary
to control network connectivity between each
workstation.
 Data can transfer between workstations at high
speeds.
 Additional workstations can be added without
impacting the performance of the network.
 With heavy network loads, it can perform better
than bus topology.
 Disadvantages of Ring Topology
 The major disadvantage of a ring topology is if any
individual connection or workstation in the ring is
broken, the entire network is affected. However, using
a dual ring or a switch can remedy the issue.
 All data being transferred over the network must pass
through each workstation on the network, which can
make it slower than a star topology.
 The hardware needed to connect each workstation to
the network is more expensive than Ethernet cards and
hubs/switches.
 If a device in the ring is added or moved, or if its
configuration changes, it can break the network.
 Mesh Topology
 A mesh topology is a network setup where
each computer and network device is
interconnected with one another. This topology
setup allows most transmissions to be
distributed even if one of the connections goes
down. It is a topology commonly used for
wireless networks. Below is a visual example of
a simple computer setup on a network using
a mesh topology
Mesh Topology
 Advantages of Mesh Topology
 Manages high amounts of traffic, because
multiple devices can transmit data
simultaneously.
 A failure of one device does not cause a break
in the network or transmission of data.
 Adding additional devices does not disrupt
data transmission between other devices.
 Disadvantages of Mesh Topology
 The cost to implement is higher than other
network topologies, making it a less desirable
option.
 Building and maintaining the topology is
difficult and time consuming.
 The chance of redundant connections is high,
which adds to the high costs and potential for
reduced efficiency.
 Related information
 Hybrid Topology
 A hybrid topology is a type of network
topology that uses two or more differing
network topologies. These topologies can
include a mix of bus topology, mesh topology,
ring topology, star topology, and tree topology.
The choice to use a hybrid topology over a
standard topology depends on the needs of a
business, school, or the users. How many
computers need to be connected, their location,
and the desired network performance are all
factors in the decision.
Hybrid Topology
 Advantages of Hybrid Topology
 Flexibility: Hybrid topology is extremely flexible.
Organizations can modify it according to their specific
requirements.
By combining different topologies, they can create a net
work that suits their needs
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 Reliability: Hybrid networks are reliable due to their
diverse structure. If one part of the network fails, other
segments can continue functioning.
This redundancy enhances overall reliability1.
 Scalability: Hybrid networks can easily integrate new
hardware components. As an organization grows, it can
expand the network without major disruptions.
This scalability is crucial for accommodating changing d
Disadvantages of Hybrid Topology
 Complex Network Design and Maintenance:
 Developing and maintaining a hybrid network is more intricate
compared to single-topology networks.
 Combining multiple topologies requires careful planning and c
onfiguration, which can be time-consuming
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 Expensive Hardware:
 Hybrid networks involve various types of hardware
components, including hubs, switches, routers, and cables.
 The cost of these components can be higher than that of simpler
topologies like star or bus
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 Increased Complexity:
 Connecting different topologies together introduces complexity.
 Administrators need to manage the interactions between variou
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