Computer project

 Different Types of Topologies

1. Bus Topology
2. Star Topology
3. Ring Topology
4. Mesh Topology
5. Hybrid Topology
 Bus Topology
 Bus topology is a network design where
all devices are connected to a single
central cable, known as
the bus or backbone. This setup allows
all devices on the network to receive the
same signal simultaneously and is
considered one of the simplest forms of
network topologies
Bus Topology
 Advantages of Bus Topology
 Simple and inexpensive: Ideal for
small networks due to its uncomplicated
nature and low cost.
 Less cable: Requires less cable length
compared to other topologies, making it
cost-effective.
 Easy to install: Straightforward method
for connecting multiple devices.
 Disadvantages of Bus Topology
 Difficult to troubleshoot: Identifying
problems can be challenging if the
network goes down.
 Scalability issues: Doesn’t scale well
with large networks; additional devices
can slow down the network.
 Network failure: If the main cable is
damaged, the entire network can fail or
split into two.
 Star Topology
 Star topology is a network configuration
where each node (like a computer,
printer, etc.) is independently connected
to a central network device, typically a
hub or switch. This central device
manages the flow of data within the
network. The layout forms a pattern
resembling a star, with the central hub at
the center and all other devices radiating
out from it.
Star Topology
 Advantages of Star Topology
 Centralized management: Simplifies
network management and
troubleshooting.
 Reliability: Individual link failures do not
affect the rest of the network.
 Scalability: Easy to add or remove
devices.
 Disadvantages of Star Topology
 Cost: Higher initial setup cost due to the
need for more cabling and a central hub
or switch.
 Single Point of Failure: If the central
device fails, the entire network goes
down
 Ring Topology
 Ring topology is a network configuration
where each device is connected to exactly
two other devices, forming a single
continuous pathway for signals through each
device - a ring. Data travels around the ring
in one direction, and each device acts as a
repeater to pass the signal along. This setup
is known as a unidirectional ring network.
However, some networks allow data to travel
in both directions, making
them bidirectional.
Ring Topology
Advantages of Ring Topology
 Simplicity of Installation and Reconfiguration:
Adding or removing devices can be done without
disrupting the network, as long as the ring is
reconnected.
 Equal Access: Each device has equal access to the
network since the token circulates in a predetermined
sequence.
 No Collisions: The token passing method minimizes
data collisions because only the device with the token
can send data at any given time.
 Predictable Performance: Network performance is
somewhat predictable because each device gets a
turn to transmit its data.
 Disadvantages of Ring Topology
 Cost: The cost of installation and
maintenance can be higher compared to
other topologies due to the complexity of
the setup and the need for more cable
length to connect all nodes in a ring
 Single Point of Failure: If one
workstation or link fails, the entire network
can be disrupted. This is because the
data must pass through all nodes to
complete the circuit
 Mesh Topology
 Mesh topology is a network
configuration where each node
(computer or network device) is
interconnected with one another. It’s
designed to ensure that most
transmissions can be distributed even if
one of the connections goes down,
making it a resilient network setup.
Mesh topology is commonly used for
wireless networks due to its robustness.
Mesh Topology
 Advantages of Mesh Topology
 Manages High Traffic: Multiple devices
can transmit data simultaneously, which is
great for handling high amounts of traffic.
 Robust: The failure of one device does
not cause a break in the network or
transmission of data.
 Scalable: Adding additional devices does
not disrupt data transmission between
other devices.
 Disadvantages of Mesh Topology
 Cost: Implementing mesh topology is
more expensive than other network
topologies.
 Complexity: Building and maintaining the
topology is difficult and time-consuming.
 Redundancy: The chance of redundant
connections is high, which can add to the
costs and potential for reduced efficiency
 Hybrid Topology
 Hybrid topology is a type of network
structure that combines two or more
different network topologies, such as
star, bus, ring, or mesh, to form a
composite topology. This combination
can be tailored to meet specific needs
and can offer the advantages of each
individual topology while mitigating their
disadvantages.
Hybrid Topology
 Advantages of Hybrid Topology
 Easy Modification: Adding or removing
nodes is simpler in a hybrid setup
compared to pure forms of the individual
topologies.
 Security and Reliability: Hybrid
networks can be more secure and
reliable, as they can be designed to
contain the spread of potential issues
within a segment.
 Disadvantages of Hybrid Topology
 Complexity: The structure of a hybrid
topology is more complex, which can make it
more challenging to design and maintain.
 Cost: The initial setup and ongoing
maintenance costs can be higher due to the
complexity and the need for various
connecting devices like routers, switches,
and hubs.
THANK YOU