DATA

ANALYSIS
What is Data Analysis?
Data analysis is the process of
systematically applying statistical
and/or logical techniques to describe
and illustrate, condense, and recap,
and evaluate data.
 Statistical analysis
COMMON
METHODS Content analysis
OF DATA Thematic analysis
ANALYSIS Qualitative coding
 STATISTICAL ANALYSIS

 Is the process of collecting and analyzing data to

identify patterns and trends, remove bias and
inform decision-making

 Helps draw meaningful conclusions from raw

and unstructured data
 Mean

Statistical Median

measures Mode

Interquartile Range

Standard Deviation
 Mean
• The mean is also known
as the “average”, and it
is calculated by adding
up all the values in a
data set and dividing by
the total number of
values.
 Median
• The median is the middle
value of a data set, which
separates the highest and
lowest values equally. It is
calculated by arranging the
data set in order from
lowest to highest and
finding the value in the
exact middle.
 Mode
• The mode is
the value that
appears most
frequently in a
data set.
 Interquartile Range
• The Interquartile range
formula helps in finding the
difference between the third
quartile and the first
quartile. The Interquartile
range formula measures the
variability, based on dividing
an ordered set of data into
quartiles.
 Standard Deviation
• is the degree of dispersion
or the scatter of the data
points relative to its mean,
in descriptive statistics. It
tells how the values are
spread across the data
sample and it is the measure
of the variation of the data
points from the mean.
Uses
of Statistical analysis

 Organizing informations
 Data-driven decision-making
 Predicting future trends
CONTENT
ANALYSIS
is a research tool used to determine the
presence of certain words, themes, or
concepts within some given
qualitative data.
 What are the sources of content
analysis?
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 APPROACHES TO CONTENT
ANALYSIS

Content analysis can be performed in three

different methods:

1. Conventional
2. Directive
3. Summative
✓ Conventional Content Analysis
-- Arrive at new categories using data
-- New insights from data

✓ Directed Content Analysis

-- Research is based on an existing theory
-- Used to validate an already existing theory

✓ Summative Content Analysis

-- finds underlying meaning of the text
-- search for a particular text
-- counts and compare the text
-- interprets the content
THEMATIC
ANALYSIS
 Thematic Analysis
is a method of analyzing qualitative data. It is
usually applied to a set of texts, such as an
interview or transcripts. The researcher closely
examines the data to identify common themes
topics, ideas and patterns of meaning that come
up repeatedly
TYPES
Inductive
o Focuses on developing a theory. This approach is used when there is not
much information available on a topic and you have to build a theory
straight from scratch.

Deductive
o Focuses on testing an existing theory. It totally depends on the Inductive
approach as you start from working on an already existing theory. You go
on formulating the theory and derive a conclusion out of it.
 1: Familiarization

6 Steps in doing 2: Coding

thematic 3: Generating themes

analysis 4: Reviewing themes

5: Defining themes

6: Writing
QUALITATIVE
CODING
 QUALITATIVE CODING
Qualitative coding is a process of
systematically categorizing excerpts in your
qualitative data in order to find themes and
patterns.
BENEFITS
OF QUALITATIVE CODING

1. Increase Validity
2. Decrease Bias
3. Accurately represent participants
4. Enable Transparency
 TYPES of APPROACH
Inductive coding is an approach used in qualitative data analysis where codes and
categories emerge directly from the data, rather than being predetermined or guided by
pre-existing theories or frameworks. In other words, inductive coding allows patterns,
themes, and concepts to emerge organically from the data itself, without imposing
preconceived ideas or structures.

Deductive coding is an approach to qualitative data analysis where codes and categories
are predetermined based on existing theories, concepts, or frameworks before analyzing
the data. In other words, deductive coding involves applying pre-established codes to
the data, guided by prior knowledge or theoretical frameworks relevant to the research
question.
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