Classroom 1

Classroom 1

SCUBA DIVER COURSE

Classroom 1
 Instructor
Numchana Chanchidchingchai
(Chang)

NAUI # 50762

NAUI Scuba Diver Instructor

NAUI First Aid Instructor

Classroom 1
 Instructor
Vit Tharaputi
(Vit)
NAUI # 51153

NAUI Scuba Diver Instructor

NAUI First Aid Instructor

Classroom 1
 Instructor
Sitthiporn Klinbua
(Note)
NAUI # 60931

NAUI Scuba Diver Instructor

NAUI First Aid Instructor

Classroom 1
 Course overview
Classrooms 4 sessions
• Diving physics
• Diving physiology
• Diving equipment
• Dive table
• Diving environment
• Diving safety
• Examination
Classroom 1

Pool sessions
• 4 pool sessions

Open water training (2 days)

• 4 dives
 What is NAUI
National
Association of
Underwater
Instructors
Classroom 1

Teaching since 1960

www.naui.org
 What is Scuba
S = Self
C = Contained
U = Underwater
B = Breathing
A = Apparatus
Classroom 1
 What’s scuba diver course
Scuba diver course
NAUI Scuba Diver course is designed for everyone with good physical and
mental health to enjoy the underwater world under the most important
fundamentals, which are SAFE and FUN
Classroom 1
Classroom 1 NAUI Courses
 What is density?
Density = mass (weight) / volume

Air Fresh water Salt water

(1 cu. ft.) (1 cu. ft.) (1 cu. ft.)
Classroom 1

.08 lbs 62.4 lbs 64 lbs

Salt water is 800 times denser than air !!!

 Buoyancy
Positive buoyancy
• On surface

Neutral buoyancy
• While diving
Classroom 1

Negative buoyancy
• During decend
 Buoyancy

62 lbs.
64 lbs.
66 lbs.

Positive
Neutral
Negative
Classroom 1

64 lbs.
(+2 lbs.)
64 lbs.
64 lbs.
(-2 lbs.)
 Drag
What is drag?
• The water resists your movement.
This resistance is called drag.
• The more you can streamline
yourself and your equipment, the
easier it will be for you to move
through the water.
Classroom 1

What to do?
• The more you can streamline
yourself and your equipment, the
easier it will be for you to move
through the water.
 Vision
Refraction
• The human eye is designed to focus light
rays in air
• Objects underwater appear blurry

• The mask allows you to put an air space

in front of your eyes to see without the
blur
Classroom 1

What you see

Objects appear 1/3

closer and larger

Real fish
underwater
 Color
Color absorption
Colors look much different underwater

• As light passes through the water, the water

absorbs the colors of the spectrum of the
Classroom 1

sunlight
• The first to be absorbed is the color red
followed by orange
• You need artificial light to see the true colors
underwater

ROYGBIV
Classroom 1 Color
 Hearing
Because of the greater density of
water compared to air, sound waves
travel about 4 times faster in the
water than they do in air

• On air = 1,100 ft. / second

• Underwater = 4,400 ft. / second
Classroom 1

• Sound travel omni directional underwater

You can hear sound getting louder or softer, but you cannot tell its direction

ALWAYS LOOK FIRST !!!

 Heat Loss
Heat can be conducted out of your body by direct contact with water at a
rate nearly 25 times faster than by air

What to do:
• When you start to shiver on a dive, you
must end your dive and get out of the
water to rewarm
• Wear proper protection suit
Classroom 1
 Summary
Salt water is 800 times denser than air !!!

• Traveling underwater are more difficult than on land

• Objects appear 1/3 closer and larger underwater

• Red is the first color that will be absorbed underwater

• Sound waves travel about 4 times faster in the water

Classroom 1

than they do in air

• Heat can be conducted with water nearly 25 times faster

than by air
 Pressure
What is pressure?
Space When you descend in water, the force from
the weight of the air and the water
above you affects you

100 miles Atmospheric pressure

160 kilometers Equals to 14.7 psi at sea level
Classroom 1

Measurements
• psi (pound per square inch)
Sea Level • 14.7 psi = 1 ata
• 14.7 psi = 1 bar
• 1 ata = 1 bar = 14.7 psi
• 207 bar = 3000 psi
 Water pressure
• 1 column weight 0.445 psi
(64 / 144 = 0.445)
• Every foot in salt water, pressure will
Salt
1 ft. Water increase by 0.445 psi
• 14.7 / 0.445 = 33 ft.
64 lbs
• Every 33 ft. (10 m) in salt water,
pressure will increase by 1 atmospheric
pressure

• 1 column weight 0.432 psi

Classroom 1

(62.4 / 144 = 0.432)

Fresh • Every foot in salt water, pressure will
1 ft. Water increase by 0.432 psi
62.4 lbs • 14.7 / 0.432 = 34 ft.
• Every 34 ft. (10.36 m) in salt water,
pressure will increase by 1 atmospheric
pressure
 Gauge pressure
What is gauge pressure?
• Because atmospheric pressure is nearly
constant at sea level, most diving
depth gauges (pressure gauges) are
adjusted or calibrated to read zero at
sea level

• Gauge pressure ignores the 1

Classroom 1

atmosphere from the air above the

water
 Measuring pressure

1 ata 1 ata 1 ata

Classroom 1

10 m. (33ft.) 1 ata (g) 2 ata

20 m. (66 ft.) 2 ata (g) 3 ata

30 m. (99 ft.) Atmospheric + Gauge = Absolute 3 ata (g) 4 ata

 Boyle’s law
“Pressure is inversely proportional to the volume”
Classroom 1

Robert Boyle
(1627-1691)
 Pressure Affects Volume
• If you invert a bucket, force it below the surface of the ocean, and
take it to depth, the pressure surrounding the bucket increases and
compresses the air in the bucket

• When you take the bucket back to the surface, the pressure
decreases, and the air expands to its original volume
Classroom 1
 Pressure Affects Volume
ขาลง ขาขึ้น

Volume = 1 Volume = 1
0 m. (1 ata)

Volume = 1/2 Volume = 1

10 m. (2 ata)

Volume = 1/3 Volume = 1

Classroom 1

20 m. (3 ata)

Volume = 1/4 Volume = 1

30 m. (4 ata)

Open system descent / ascent

 Pressure Affects Volume
ขาลง ขาขึ้น

Volume = 1 Volume = 4X
0 m. (1 ata)

100%

Volume = 1/2 Volume = 2X

10 m. (2 ata)

50%

Volume = 1/3 Volume = 1.33X

Classroom 1

20 m. (3 ata)

33%

Volume = 1/4 Volume = 1

30 m. (4 ata)

Closed system descent / ascent

 Pressure Affects Volume

NEVER HOLD YOUR

BREATH WHILE SCUBA
Classroom 1

DIVING
Classroom 1

LET’S HAVE A BREAK

15 mins
 Squeeze and Reverse block
The air spaces in your body includes
• Middle ears
• Sinuses
• Lungs
• Teeth
• Stomach and intestines
• Mask space
• All these are called “Dead air space”
Squeeze
Classroom 1

• The pressure outside an air space is greater than the pressure

inside an air space  During descend (going down)

Reverse block (or Block)

• The pressure outside an air space is less than the pressure inside
an air space  During ascend (going up)
 The Middle Ear
Anatomy of the ear
Ears are divided into three sections:

Outer ear
• The outer ear is the ear canal
• The ear drum separates the out and middle ear

Middle ear
• Contains a series of three small bones that transmit
sound waves from the ear drum to the inner ear
Classroom 1

• Contains the airway link called the Eustachian tube

Inner ear
• Contains the balance mechanism
• Sudden changes in pressure or temperature in one
ear and not the other will cause dizziness or vertigo
 Equalizing the middle ear
Equalizing your middle ear:
• Move air from your throat through the eustachian tube into your middle ear
• Before you feel the slightest pressure in your ears, you need to equalize
• If you cannot equalize your ears during a dive, you must end the dive and
return to the surface

Valsava maneuver
• Close your mouth tightly
Classroom 1

or block it with your tongue (on scuba)

• Close your nostrils by pinching them shut
• Exhale lightly
• Do not exercise valsava maneuver during ascend
 Sinus squeeze and blockage
• During ascent the air in the sinus will try to expand to it’s original
volume
• If air is trapped inside a clogged sinus, and you attempt to dive,
you will feel pressure on your sinuses
• Never dive when you have a cold or sinus congestion.
Classroom 1
 Squeeze and Block prevention
Prevention
• Ascend rate 9 m./min (30 ft./min)

• Do not exercise valsava maneuver during ascend

• Avoid diving when you have a cold or sinus congestion

Classroom 1
 Other air spaces
Stomach and intestines
• Any gas that forms in your stomach or intestines
during your dive will expand during ascent

Teeth
• There is nothing you can do to equalize air
pressure in a tooth
Classroom 1

Mask squeeze
• Simply exhale a small amount of air through your
nose into the mask every time you feel pulling on
your face and eyes
 The air you breathe
The air we breath
1. Nitrogen 78%
2. Oxygen 21%
3. Other 1%

When we exhale
4. Nitrogen 78%
5. Oxygen 13-17%
Classroom 1

6. Other 1.1%
7. Carbon dioxide 4-8% (CO2 is the gas that stimulate our body
to breath)
 Skin diving / Basic equipment
1. Mask
2. Snorkel
3. Fins
4. Weight belt (optional)
Classroom 1
 Mask
Benefits
• The mask allows you to put an air space in front of your eyes to see
without the blur.
Choosing your mask
• Tempered glass
• Double head strap to firmly secure the mask
• Double skirt to prevent water entering your mask
Classroom 1
Classroom 1 Mask
Classroom 1 Mask
 Snorkel
Benefits
• Allow divers to breath on the surface without using
the air from scuba tank
Type of snorkel How to choose your snorkel
• Simple J • Length 12-14 inches
• Contour • Width 3/4 inches
• Flexible self draining • Interchangeable mouthpiece
Classroom 1
Classroom 1 Snorkel
 Fins
Benefits
• Help divers to effectively travel underwater
Type of fins
• Full foot – Suitable for tropical diving and boat diving
• Open heel or Heel strap – Suitable for cold water diving and
beach diving. Must use with boots
Choosing your fins
• Choose the fins according to your situation of your diving
Classroom 1
Classroom 1 Fins
Classroom 1 Fins
Classroom 1 Fins
Classroom 1 Fins
 Weights and Belt
Benefits : Help divers to be able to descend underwater

“Quick release buckle”

Classroom 1
 Choosing your equipment

“Fit & Comfort”

Classroom 1
 Care and maintenance
1. Rinse in fresh water after use (2-3 hours)
2. Let dry in cool-dry shade
3. Store in cool dry place
4. Keep your mask in the mask case
Classroom 1
Classroom 1 Any question???
 Summary classroom 1
• NAUI = National Association of Underwater Instructors
• SCUBA = Self Contained Underwater Breathing Apparatus
• หลังจากจบหลักสูตร Scuba Diver นักดำน้ำ สามารถดำน้ำได้ด้วยตัวเอง
ร่วมกับบัดดี้ อย่างสนุกสนาน และ ปลอดภัย ในความลึกไม่เกิน 18 m. (60
ft.) ในสถานการณ์เหมือนที่ได้รับการฝึกฝนมา
• นักดำน้ำที่เพิ่งผ่านหลักสูตร Scuba Diver สามารถเรียนหลักสูตร
Advanced Scuba Diver ได้ทันที
Classroom 1

• น้ำมีความหนาแน่นมากกว่าอากาศ 800 เท่า

• แสงเดินทางในน้ำได้ ช้ากว่า 25%
• เสียงเดินทางในน้ำได้ เร็วกว่าถึง 4 เท่า (เดินทางในน้ำแบบ Omni
directional)
• น้ำสามารถ นำ และพาอุณหภูมิได้ดีกว่าอากาศ 25 เท่า
 Summary classroom 1
• น้ำเก็บความร้อนได้ดีกว่าอากาศ 4 เท่า
• ROYGBIV
• เมื่อความกดดันภายนอกเพิ่มขึ้น ความกดดันภายในลดลง
• อย่ากลั้นหายใจขณะดำน้ำ โดยเด็ดขาด
• Squeeze เกิดขณะดำน้ำลง
• Reverse block เกิดขณะดำน้ำขึ้น
• Descend rate - อย่าลงเร็วกว่า 22m. /min (75 ft./min)
Classroom 1

• Ascend rate - ขึ้นช้าๆ ที่อัตรา 9 m./min (30 ft./min)

• อย่าขึ้นเร็วเกินไป
• ห้ามเคลียร์หูขณะขึ้น
• อย่าดำน้ำถ้าเป็ นหวัด
 Next session
Pool session 1 (Skin diving):
• Swim 25 m.
• Float 5 mins
• Underwater swim 15 m.
• Snorkel clear
• Fin kicks x2 (Flutter kick and Frog kick)
• Cramp release
Classroom 1

• Head first x2 (Pike dive and Tuck dive)

• Entry x3 (Giant stride, back roll and front roll)
• Exit water
Classroom 1

END OF CLASSROOM 1
Enjoy diving!!!