Introduction to

Science, Technology and

Society
Lesson Objectives
At the end of this discussion, we must be able to answer the
following questions:
1. How do we define Science, Technology, and Society?
2. How do Science, Technology, and Society interact with each
other or how they are related?
3. What is Science, Technology, and Society?
4. What are the historical antecedents that changed the course
of Science, Technology, and Society?
How do we define Science,
Technology, and Society?
SCIENCE
came from Latin word “Scientia” - which
means knowledge

a system of acquiring knowledge based on

Scientific Method

a process used to solve problems or

develop an understanding of nature that
involves testing possible answers.
SCIENCE

an organized, systematic and methodical

activity of building and organizing knowledge
about how the universe behaves through
observation, experimentation or both.
TECHNOLOGY
came from Greek root word “Techne” - meaning “art, skill,
or cunning of hand.”

the application of scientific knowledge, laws, and principles

to produce services, materials, tools and machines, aimed to
solving real-world problems
SOCIETY
came from Latin word “Societas” - which means “a friendly
association with others”

a large group people who live together in an organized way,

making decisions about how to do things and sharing the
work that needs to be done
SOCIETY

a group of individuals which is characterized by

common interest and may have distinctive culture
and instutions
1. How do we define....
process of acquiring scientific knowledge
SCIENCE
application of scientific knowledge
for people
TECHNOLOGY

group of people who uses

SOCIETY technology and study
science
How do Science, Technology,
and Society interact with each
other or how they are related?
 explores for the
purpose of KNOWING

explores SCIENCE & explores for the

TECHNOLOGY for a purpose of making
better life something USEFUL
from that knowledge
2. How do they interact?
What is Science, Technology,
and Society?
 SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, AND SOCIETY

a relatively young field that combines

previously independent and older disciplines,
such as History of Science, Philosophy of
Science, and Sociology of Science.
 SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, AND SOCIETY

Seeks to bridge the gap between two traditionally

exclusive culture - humanities and natural sciences - so
that human will be able to better confront the moral,
ethical, and existential dilemmas, brought about by the
continued developments in science and technology.
Historical Antecedents in the
Course of Science and
Technology
SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND SOCIETY
The developments in this field are not just products of people’s
imagination or a one-time thought process; they are also
brought about by gradual improvements to earlier works from
different time periods.

The driving force behind this continuous progress is the desire

to raise the quality of life of the people.
ANCIENT TIMES Engineering
and Architecture

Transportation
Weapons and
Armors
Communication Conservation
of Life
 Sumerian Civilization
Sumeria is located on the southern tip of
ancient mesopotamia. Sumerians are known
for their high degree of cooperation with one
another and their desire for great things. They
are not contented with the basic things that life
can offer. This desire pushed them to develop
many things connected with science and
technology.
 Cuneiform

 first writing system

 a system that utilizes word pictures and
triangular symbols which are carved on clay
using wedge instruments
 it allowed sumerians to keep records of the
things with great historical value
 Uruk City

 considered as the first true city

 built by using mud or clay mixed with reeds,
producing sun baked bricks
 to protect them from harsh weather and prevent
wild animals and neighboring raiders from entering
The Great Ziggurat
of Ur

 also called the mountain of god

 served as the sacred place for their cheif god
 Irrigation and dikes

 built to bring water to farmlands and mass

produce food items
 control the flooding of the rivers
 Sailboats

 main mode of transportation is through waterways

 used to carry large quantities of products
 essential in trading as well as fostering culture,
information, and technology
 Wheel

 first wheels were not made for

transportation
 used to mill grains
 Roads

 made to facilitate faster and easier travel

 made with sun-baked bricks which was laid down on
the ground
 later poured “BITUMEN” to smoothen the road
 Babylonian Civilization
Babylonian civilization emerged near the
tigris and euphrates rivers. The
babylonians were great builders, engineers,
and architects. One of their major
contributions is the hanging gardens of
babylon, one of the seven wonders of the
ancient world.
Hanging Gardens of
Babylon

 a structure made up of layers upon layers of gardens

that contained several species of plants, trees, and
vines.
 King Nebuchadnezzar II built the gardens for his wife,
Queen Amytis.
 Egyptian Civilization
Another early civilization famous for its legacy is
the Egyptian Civilization located in North Africa.
Many stories tell about the engineering feats of the
Egyptians especially regarding infrastuctures
established by the pharoahs. Aside from
engineering technology, egyptians have contributed
other practical things that the world now considers
as essential.
 Paper or Papyrus

 Papyrus was a plant that grew abundantly along the

nile river in egypt.
 invented as replacement for clay tablets as they were
very fragile, heavy, and delicate to handle.
 Ink

 invented ink by combining soot with different

chemicals to produce ink of different colors.
 used to record history, culture, and codified laws.
 Hieroglyphics

 assumed to be adapted from the early writing system

established in mesopotamia as a result of trade
between civilizations
 Hieroglyphics

 Egyptians beleived that this writing system was

provided to them by their gods.
 Hieroglyphics

 the language that tells the modern world of the

history and culture of the ancient egyptians.
 Cosmetics

 used for both health and aesthetic reasons.

 wore Khol around the eyes to prevent and cure eye
diseases.
 Cosmetics

 Egyptians believed that a person wearning make-

up was protected from evil and that beauty was a
sign of holiness.
 Wig

 Worn for health and wellness rather than for aesthetic

purposes.
 used to protect the shaved heads of the wealthy
egyptians from the harmful rays of the sun.
 Greek Civilization
Greece is an achipelago in the southern part of
Europe. Known as the birthplace of western
philosophy, some of the major achievements of
the greeks include in-depth works on philosophy
and mathematics. More than coliseums and the
olympics, the greek civilization has contributed
much to the world especially in the feilds of
science and technology.
 Alarm Clock
 greeks made use of water
(sometimes small stones or sand)
that dropped into drums which
sounded the alarm
 plato was believed to have utilized
an alarm clock to sognal the start of
his lecture.
 Roman Civilization
The roman empire was perceived to be the
strongest political and social entity in the
west. It was considered to be the cradle of
politics and governance during that period.
Because the roman empire was so large, other
civilizations looked up to it as their model in
terms of legislation and codified laws.
 Newspaper

 The first newspapers, known as gazzetes, contained

announcements of the Roman Empire to the people.
 Bound Books or Codex

 Civilizations became fond of record-keeping,

especially documenting historical events and newly
legislated laws.
 Bound Books or Codex

 According to sources, Julius Caesar started the

tradition of stacking up papyrus to form pages of book.
 Earlier overs was made of wax but later on replaced by
animal skin
 Roman Architecture

 a continuation of Greek Architecture, hence, the

resemblance.
 This development was fully supported and funded by the
Roman government.
 Cathedrals and Basilicas, aqueducts, coliseums,
amphitheaters, and resedential houses.
 Roman Numerals

 Romans devised their own number system specifically

to address the need for a standard counting method that
would meet their increasing communication and trade
concerns.
 Chinese Civilization
The chinese civilization is considered to be the
oldest civilization in Asia. Also known as the
middle kingdom, china is located on the far
east of Asia. It was famous among other
ancient civilizations because of its silk trade.
Not a great amount was written about ancient
china partly due to its distance from other
civilizations.
 Silk

 Chinese were the ones who developed the

technology to harvest the silk and process it to
produce paper and clothing.
 Tea

 It was believed that the first tea was drunk by a

Chinese Emperor.
 tea was developed when an unknown chinese inventor
created a machine that was able to shred tea leaves into
strips.
 Great Wall of China

 It was constructed to keep out foreign invaders and

control the borders of china.
 made with stone, brick, wood, earth, and other
materials
 Gun Powder

 Originally developed by chinese alchemists who

aimed to achieve immortality.
 mixture of charcoal, sulfur, and potassium nitrate
 Gun Powder

 instead of creating an elixer of life, they

accidentally invented a black powder that could
actually generate large amounts of heat and gas in
an instant
Medieval / The major advances in scientific and
technological development took place in
Middle Ages this period.

These advancements include constant

increase of new inventions, innovations
in tradiitonal production and the
emergence of scientific thinking and
method.
 Printing Press

 Johann Gutenberg was able to invent the printing

press, a more reliable way of printing using a cast
type.
 it was invented to address the need for publishing
books that would spread information to many
people at a faster rate.
 Microscope
 guided by the principles used for the
invention of eyeglasses in earlier
years, Zacharias Janssen was able to
develop the first compound
microscope.
 Due to illnesses, they needed a device
that could magnify things invisible to
the eye.
Modern Times
The booming world population during the
nineteenth century onwards demanded that more
goods be produced at a faster rate. People
needed efficient means of transportation to trade
more goods and cover a larger distance.
Machines that required animals to operate must
thus be upgraded. All these needs resulted in the
development of industries.
 Pasteurization

The challenge to keep manufactured food from

deteriorating was greater for dairy products, especially
milk, since they usually spoiled faster. these goods
needed to be consumed almost immediately after
production or they would cause illness like diphtheria,
food poisoning, and typhoid fever.
 Pasteurization

Louis Pasteur, a french biologist, microbiologists, and

chemist, found a way to solve the problem by inventing
pasteurization, the process of heating dairy products to
kill the harmful bacteria that allow them to spoil faster.
 Petroleum Refinery

Modern times demanded better means of powering

homes and transportation. at first, people used animal oils
for generating light to eluminate their homes. Samuel M.
Kier was able to invent kerosene by refining petroleum.
Kerosene was later on reffered to as the “illuminating
oil” because it was used at first to provide lighting to
homes.
 Telephone

The development of the telephone by Alexander Graham

Bell was one of the most important inventions at this time.
The more people got connected by trade and exploration,
the more they neede a way to easily maintain these
connections and communicate in real time.
 Telephone

government likewise neede some kind of communication

system which would allow them to adminster their states
well.
 Calculator

although an earlier version of the calculator had already

been developed, circumstances in the modern times
required a faster way to compute more complicated
equations.
 Calculator

the creation of modern calculators did not only pave the

way for easier arithmetic calculations, but also resulted
in the development of more complex processing
machines like the computer.
Quiz 1
1. the following are the main focus of the
development of science and technology in ancient
times except?

a. transportation
b. conservation of life
c. communication
d. easy way of life
2. which civilization is known for their high degree of
cooperation with one another for great things?

a. SUMERIAN CIVILIZATION
b. BABYLONIAN CIVILIZATION
c. CHINESE CIVILIZATION
d. EGYPTIAN CIVILIZATION
3. this civilization is known as the birthplace of
western philosophy, some of their major achievements
include in-depth works on philosophy and
mathematics.

a. CHINESE CIVILIZATION
b. EGYPTIAN CIVILIZATION
c. GREEK CIVILIZATION
d. BABYLONIAN CIVILIZATION
4. _________ is the language that tells the modern
world of the history and culture of the egyptians.

a. CUNEIFORM
b. HIEROGLYPHICS
c. ROMAN NUMERALS
d. NONE OF THE ABOVE
5. to whom did king nebuchadnezzar ii built the
hanging garden of babylon?

a. to his father, nabopolassar

b. to his son, amel-marduk
c. to his wife, queen amytis
d. to his mother, shuadamqa
6. perceived to be the strongest political and social
entity in the west and was considered the cradle of
politics and governance during the period.

a. CHINESE EMPIRE
b. ROMAN EMPIRE
c. GREEK EMPIRE
d. BABYLONIAN EMPIRE
7. _______ IS CONSIDERED THE OLDEST
CIVILIZATION IN ASIA AND IS ALSO KNOWN
AS THE MIDDLE KINGDOM?

a. CHINESE EMPIRE
b. ROMAN EMPIRE
c. GREEK EMPIRE
d. BABYLONIAN EMPIRE
8. THE ECONOMY OF THIS TIME WAS MARRED
BY MASSIVE INVASIONS AND MIGRATIONS,
HENCE DESCRIBED AS FEUDAL.

a. Ancient Ages
b. Medieval/middle Ages
c. Modern Ages
d. digital Ages
9. which civilization believed that a person
wearing make up was protected from evil and
that beauty was a sign of holiness?

a. EGYPTIANS
b. ROMANS
c. CHINESE
d. SUMERIANS
10. the first newspapers is known as _______
which contained announcements of the roman
empire to the people.

a. kohl
b. codex
c. bitumen
d. gazzettes
 Quiz 1
Key to Correction
1. the following are the main focus of the
development of science and technology in ancient
times except?

a. transportation
b. conservation of life
c. communication
d. easy way of life
2. which civilization is known for their high degree of
cooperation with one another for great things?

a. SUMERIAN CIVILIZATION
b. BABYLONIAN CIVILIZATION
c. CHINESE CIVILIZATION
d. EGYPTIAN CIVILIZATION
3. this civilization is known as the birthplace of
western philosophy, some of their major achievements
include in-depth works on philosophy and
mathematics.

a. CHINESE CIVILIZATION
b. EGYPTIAN CIVILIZATION
c. GREEK CIVILIZATION
d. BABYLONIAN CIVILIZATION
4. _________ is the language that tells the modern
world of the history and culture of the egyptians.

a. CUNEIFORM
b. HIEROGLYPHICS
c. ROMAN NUMERALS
d. NONE OF THE ABOVE
5. to whom did king nebuchadnezzar ii built the
hanging garden of babylon?

a. to his father, nabopolassar

b. to his son, amel-marduk
c. to his wife, queen amytis
d. to his mother, shuadamqa
6. perceived to be the strongest political and social
entity in the west and was considered the cradle of
politics and governance during the period.

a. CHINESE EMPIRE
b. ROMAN EMPIRE
c. GREEK EMPIRE
d. BABYLONIAN EMPIRE
7. _______ IS CONSIDERED THE OLDEST
CIVILIZATION IN ASIA AND IS ALSO KNOWN
AS THE MIDDLE KINGDOM?

a. CHINESE EMPIRE
b. ROMAN EMPIRE
c. GREEK EMPIRE
d. BABYLONIAN EMPIRE
8. THE ECONOMY OF THIS TIME WAS MARRED
BY MASSIVE INVASIONS AND MIGRATIONS,
HENCE DESCRIBED AS FEUDAL.

a. Ancient Ages
b. Medieval/middle Ages
c. Modern Ages
d. digital Ages
9. which civilization believed that a person
wearing make up was protected from evil and
that beauty was a sign of holiness?

a. egyptians
b. ROMANS
c. CHINESE
d. SUMERIANS
10. the first newspapers is known as _______
which contained announcements of the roman
empire to the people.

a. kohl
b. codex
c. bitumen
d. gazzettes
 Thanks!
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